Lester B. Pearson and the Suez Canal Crisis

The Suez crisis was a conflict that could have easily turned into a third World War. With a battle between the Israelis and Egyptians at Sinai, the British and French invasion of Egypt, and nuclear threats from the Soviet Union, all of the elements were present to escalate the conflict and pull other countries into the fray. Canada had no direct ties to the Suez crisis, in terms of control or economic interest. However, Canadian Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs, Lester B. Pearson, persuaded the UN General Assembly to send in the United Nations Emergency Force. Even thoughLester B. Pearson dismayed the Commonwealth with his measures for peace, Canada was recognized for starting the first ever United Nations Peacekeeping mission. In the 1950s the Middle East was affected by four different conflicts; each one separate, but relating in many ways. The first was the rush for geopolitical dominance between the United States and the Soviet Union during the Cold War. The Middle East was one of the regions that were disputed. The second confrontation was between a various Arabian nationalists against the two residual Imperial powers of Britain and France.The third was the ongoing Arab-Israeli dispute, and the fourth was the push by many Arab nations for the control of the Arab world. The tension over the Suez Canal began long before the actual combat. These four conflicts all came into focus during the Suez Canal crisis. Long before the Second World War, Britain saw a bright economic future for the Middle East, mostly due to its valuable oil reserves. The Canal was a vital trade route in the eastern world, as cargo ships could pass though the Suez, from the Mediterranean to the Red Sea, without circumnavigating Africa.The Suez Canal's eo-strategic importance during the Cold War prompted Britain to strengthen its position there. However, it became a topic of controversy in the English and Egyptian relations. On June 23, 1956 an ultra-nationalist by the name of Gamal Abdel Nasser is voted into power, winning 99 percent of the vote. This does not concern Anthony Eden, the Prime Minister of England, as Egypt was always part of Britain's world of influence in the Middle East. As the British Broadcasting Corporation quoted, â€Å"Even though Egypt became independent in 1922, Egyptian kings and presidents have always done whatBritish leaders have told them to do. † However, Eden was unaware of the radical change in Egyptian government, which wanted nothing to do with the oppression of the British. In the 1950s, France was quick to assist its Imperial ally Britain in the occupation of the canal. France was to supply Israel with fghter Jets and weapons in a secret plan to invade and overthrow the dangerous radical government. To Egyptian President Nasser, it looks like a very powerful enemy is at the gate of his country. In light of this, Nasser looks abroad for arms. Just like the loan for the Aswan Dam, he looks upon theUnited States tor the supply ot weapons. Nasser knew i t US Presi en d t Dwight Eisenhower rejected this request, he could turn to their enemy and ask the Soviet Union for weapons. Once the Soviet Union did agree to help, Eisenhower and Anthony Eden saw Nasser as communist for cutting such a deal with the Soviets. As a result, they punished him by putting sanctions on Egypt, cutting off military supply and cancelling the financing of the Aswan dam, in attempt to destroy Nasser's dream of building an independent state. Nasser nationalizes the Suez Canal on July 26, 1956.This infuriates Eden and he wants to invade Egypt. Nasser then issues a statement claiming that he did this to generate revenue for the construction of the Aswan dam. False intelligence relayed from M16 to Anthony Eden tells him what he wants to hear, saying that Nasser is a pawn of the Soviet Union and the Egyptian people would welcome his overthrow. Diplomacy between US, Soviet Union, Britain, France, Israel and Egypt failed, and in the fall of 1956, Britain, France and Israel secretly plan to attack Egypt. Israel, as planned, made the first assault through the Sinai region to the east of Egypt, onOctober 29, advancing in a single day to within 42 km of the canal. The Israeli advance towards the canal is a fake to show the world that Egypt in danger of being overthrown by the Israelis. The British and French then dissimulate as peacekeepers, trying to diffuse then tension between Egypt and Israel. They offer Nasser an ultimatum: â€Å"Israel and Egypt are to cease fighting or the two Western powers will intervene†. On the 31st of October this ultimatum expires and France and Britain attack, bombing Alexandria and sending in thousands of troops. Russia then threatens Britain and France with Nuclear weapons.At this point it looks as though the world is on the brink of another World War. Canada had no interest to the Suez crisis, in terms of control, economic or military interest, but Lester B. Pearson saw an o pportunity to intervene. While the Cabinet in Ottawa debated about the attack on Egypt, the UN Security Council met in New York. Even though Canada did not have a permanent seat on the United Nations Security Council, Lester B. Pearson and the Foreign Affairs delegation of Canada worked towards building an agreement for the proposal to the I-IN, on the Suez Crisis.Encouraged by the US, Yugoslavia makes a â€Å"Uniting for Peace resolution†, which enables a debate to be moved to the General Assembly. The I-JK and France do not block this, however, negative votes would not constitute a veto. The Suez Canal debate is then moved to the general assembly. This is critical moment for Pearson as Canada can now get involved in the debate. Pearson's team began to work on November 1st and labored desperately for four straight days. The first proposal made by Pearson was to change the French and British soldiers in Egypt into actual peacekeepers with a UN mandate.However, the fury of the General Assembly would not allow this to happen. Pearson met with US Secretary of State John Foster Dulles, and they discussed many ideas but it was Pearson's idea of the International police force that they would finally agree upon. Dulles tells Pearson to propose it to the I-IN, and on November 4th, 1956 Pearson d the first ever nited U Nations Peacekeeping torce. The UN General propose Assembly gave support to the proposal made by Pearson as 57 nations voted for and no country voted Against. Lester B. Pearson would deliver this quote in his proposal â€Å"We eed action not only to end the fghting, but to make peace†¦My own government would be glad to recommend Canadian participation in such a United Nations Force, a truly international peace and police force†. After two weeks The UNEF units come into effect in the Suez region. The Peacekeepers would be placed between enemy forces until a cease-fire or settlement was worked out. The members of the UNEF were drawn from middle powers that had no individual interest in the dispute. The force was composed of 6000 soldiers, 1000 of which were Canadians including Major General E. LM Burns of Canada who commanded the UN Force. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qRv7G7WpOoUhttp://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/suez-crisis/ http://www. suezcrisis. ca/http://www.torontosun.com/http://interactivetimeline.com/306/the-united-nations-and-the-israeli-palestinian-conflict/10.phphttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suez_Crisis

Nostra Aetate

Years ago, a man was crucified for saying he was God’s Son. His name was Jesus Christ. Those who followed his teachings were named Christians; and Christians soon resented Jews for their sinful act. This tension between Christians and Jews lead to increasing hatred for one another. Not too long ago, anti-Semitism was common. Anti-Semitism led to the death of an entire population during the Holocaust. Luckily, the church has taken measures to rectify this anti-semitism with the publication of Nostra Aetate.In 1965, the Vatican II Council completely transformed the church’s policies and theology with this document. Nostra Aetate signifies â€Å"In Our Time. † Indeed, in our time, the ill sentiments towards Jews have changed tremendously. Nostra Aetate is a unifying document that has not only led to peaceful coexistence of the Catholic and Judaic faith but also understanding of many other faiths. Ultimately, it has enabled the education of Catholicism in universitie s, as well as in organizations. From the beginning of time, men have had continuous arguments over religion.Religion has been the greatest source of disagreement between cultures. Even the foundation of America was built on religious freedom, as Puritans from Great Britain came to the United States to practice their religion freely. The biggest religious disagreement, however, has been between the Catholics and the Jews. Section four of Nostra Aetate is the most important section of the entire document. It reaffirms the religious bond shared by Jews and Catholics, talks about the eternal covenant between God and the People of Israel, and disproves the church’s desire to baptize Jews..This document states, â€Å"Humanity forms but one community. This is so because all stem from the one stock which God created to people the entire earth (see Acts 17:26), and also because all share a common destiny, namely God. † Nostra Aetate acknowledges that the religions of Judaism an d Christianity believe in a sole higher being, God, which unifies them. Nostra Aetate made it possible for Catholics and Jews to coexist, and promoted the acceptance of each other’s faith. There is a sense of unity that this document possesses. It promotes dialogue with all other world religions.The Catholic Church took a stand in writing Nostra Aetate, and urged, â€Å"its sons and daughters to enter with prudence and charity into discussion and collaboration with members of other religions. † Moreover, Nostra Aetate is significant to theology because it has led to the increasing teachings of Catholicism worldwide. If applied, to this course, for example, the title of this course is the Religious Quest. Quest is defined as â€Å"an act or instance of seeking. † In a way, through Nostra Aetate, the Catholic Church was searching for understanding and resolution.At Boston College, one of the course requirements is theology. A reason for this may be due to Nostra A etate; it has made understanding other religions a priority to many institutions all over the world. Understanding each other’s religions could dissipate many of the foolish arguments that occur daily. The most misunderstood religious group at this moment is Islam. At Boston College, however, we can take a theology class focused on Islam, or Africism or any religion. We are given the chance to go on a â€Å"quest,† and to learn about any religion we want.A big reason for this is due in large part to Nostra Aetate. Nostra Aetate in that sense brings everyone together. Nostra Aetate made religious awareness more accessible, as various committees were created such as Nostra Aetate foundation, founded in 1990. Its purpose is described as â€Å"The purpose of the chair is to promote the understanding of religious, ethical and cultural values in national societies and in international relations, especially transatlantic relations. † Furthermore, Nostra Aetate also all owed the creation of a committee, named a Muslim-Catholic Liason Committee.This committee promotes the communication between Muslims and Catholic, and meets once a year to study together. They pick a theme from the point of view of the two religions, and â€Å"discuss the current situation of relations between Christians and Muslims. † They also try to identify where tensions and conflicts occur between the two groups. Such behavior, was uncommon prior to Nostra Aetate. It is unbelievable that these two groups can come together to not only discuss their issues but to an end to them. Nostra Aetate has been revolutionary in the changes regarding religious relations.Organizations have been formed for the sole purpose of educating people on religion. Universities make religious classes mandatory. Nostra Aetate is also important because the Catholic Church sets an example for all of its followers. If the Church accepts all religions, then maybe all Catholics will start to feel the same. Nostra Aetate has of course not destroyed all unwelcoming feelings towards religions, but it has at least decreased the criticisms. It has surely been a momentary document â€Å"in our time. † | |Works Cited Akasheh, Khaled. Nostra Aetate: 40 Years Later. † New Home Page Navigation Top. 28 June 2006. Web. 18 Oct. 2010. <http://www. ewtn. com/library/CHISTORY/chrstnsmslms. HTM>. Kasper, Walter C. â€Å"Welcome to the Vatican's Commemoration of the 40th Anniversary of Nostra Aetate. † Council of Centers on Jewish-Christian Relations. 25 Oct. 2005. Web. 19 Oct. 2010. <http://www. ccjr. us/dialogika-resources/documents-and-statements/roman-catholic/kasper/654-wk05oct27>. Telenet Service. Web. 18 Oct. 2010. <http://users. telenet. be/mb10366/>.

Pear trees and the bees

Tree and the Bees â€Å"We are never so defenseless against suffering as when we love. † This quote by Sigmund Freud sums up the book, Their Eyes Were Watching God, written by Zorn Neal Hurst. In this book the protagonist, Jeanie, explains her life journey of love and loss. Specifically, Jeanie develops an idealized view of love from the effortless union of the pear tree and the bees. As a result, she believes love should be a perfect harmony between two people, and she strives to find that perfect harmony through marriage.The story begins when Jeanie Is a young girl living with her grandmother, sitting pear tree Just trying to escape her chores and the hot sun. The tree Is starting to blooming this year Jeanie sees it in a completely different way. â€Å"Stretched on her back beneath the parterre soaking in the alto chant of the visiting bees, the gold of the sun and the panting breath when the inaudible voice of it all came to her. † (Hurst 29) Jeanie is tuned In to h er surroundings and is observing and assessing every single detail around her.While Jeanie is entranced, she hears the inaudible voice; she Is no longer that Innocent little child. She realizes that the relationship between the bees and the pear tree is more intimate than it appears. Genie's roller coaster ride with nature has only just begun. She looks even closer at the bees and the blossoms. â€Å"She saw a disbarring bee sink into the sanctum of a bloom; the thousand aesthetically arch to meet the love embrace and the ecstatic shiver of the tree from root to tiniest branch creaming in every blossom and frothing with delight.So this was marriage! † (Hurst 29) Jeanie sees this Interaction between the bee and the blossom as an Image symbolizing the perfect harmony between two beings. The bee represents a male image by carrying the pollen and the blossom represents a female image by receiving the pollen from the bee. Jeanie captures the union as perfect romance and imagines a n image of what a marriage between people should look like. With this perfect image In her mind, Jeanie longs to create harmony In her own teenage life.Jeanie feels trapped by her arranged marriage to Logan. When Joe Starks offers an escape, Jeanie runs off with him too town called Detonative. â€Å"From now on until death she was going to have flower dust and springtime sprinkled over everything. A bee for her bloom. (Hurst 73) Jeanie thinks that Joe will be perfect for her. In Genie's mind Joe can fulfill her idealized image of marriage because he promises her great things, including a way out. Unfortunately, Jeanie is still so young and Immature that she cannot see past her nose.Joe will never be her bee; Joey's powerless are elsewhere. He Is self centered and has his own dreams. Joe has wooed her with his big plans and his big dreams, and Jeanie is blindsided by it all. Jeanie has no idea that her next twenty years with Joe are going to be nothing like she wanted. She wants to be wild and have a romantic life. But Joe is only going o give her money, a status and a proper image she must uphold. â€Å"She had no more blossomy openings dusting pollen over her man, neither any glistening young fruit where the petals used to be. (Hurst 152) Hurst uses simple processes of nature Money and other physical objects cannot quench Genie's thirst for true romance and relationship. Coupled with this, Jeanie still holds the idea of how a perfect marriage should be. Her relationship with Joe was not. Hence, her relationship was not successful, it did not bear fruit. Jeanie is no longer that sixteen year old little girl, she is now past forty with two unsuccessful marriages. Yet she still has her beauty and her ideals of perfect harmony like the pear tree blossom and the bee.She is still searching for her bee, and many men have tried to woo her like Joe did. Jeanie is not interested, she is looking for someone different. Along comes Tea Cake. â€Å"He looked like the lo ve thoughts of women. He could be a bee too blossom a pear tree blossom in the spring† (Hurst 220) Tea Cake brings out feelings in Jeanie she has never felt. He treats her like an equal. He does simple things as playing checkers with her. Tea Cake was her bee. He creates the feelings in her that she once had all those years go under that pear tree.Jeanie believes Tea Cake can fulfill her ideal image off man. Tea Cake and Jeanie share an effortless union, and they have created a perfect harmony. Tragically, terrible circumstances came about that resulted in the death of Tea eke. In conclusion, the pear tree and the bees in the book, Their Eyes Where Watching God by Zorn Neal Hurst, symbolize the relationship that Jeanie searched for her whole life. She envisioned an idealized image of a perfect harmony between two people. Unfortunately for Jeanie she was defenseless against repetitive suffering during her pursuit of true love.

The assessment for this module is an End Course Assessment (ECA) Essay

The assessment for this module is an End Course Assessment (ECA) constituting report based on the MINI case study - Essay Example This failure can have a profound negative impact on the brand equity of the parent or corporate brand. The second positive application of this strategy deals with the addition of a new brand in the brand portfolio of the parent company. This step gives a fresh outlook to the corporate brand portfolio and enables it to nurture a â€Å"Star†. This strategy, also gives some breathing space to the aging brands of the corporation, thereby extending the lifecycle of the entire brand portfolio. Let’s analyze the marketing strategy of MINI on pertinent dimensions: 4P’s Framework: The marketing mix or 4P’s, as they are called, reflects the important strategies of the organization regarding the product, price, promotion, and place (Fill, 2009). Product The product under consideration is the MINI car, which launched its new model in 2001. In addition to this model the company has the following brands of cars: New MINI, MINI One, MINI Cooper, Cooper S, Cooper D, MINI Convertible, MINI Clubman and MINI Countryman. Price The pricing method used by the company to appraise its cars is â€Å"value-based pricing†. This method of pricing is consistent with the strong brand equity of the car. Since the car is a symbol of a specific kind of lifestyle, therefore it carries immense value for the followers of this kind of lifestyle. These followers are willing to give extra when it comes to expressing their peculiar lifestyle. This makes MINI exclusive and inaccessible to every car buyer. Promotion Industry followers have always found MINI’s marketing campaigns to be very innovative, lively and peculiar. These attributes make these campaigns very successful. When MINI launched its new 2001 model, it employed adventure campaigns to enhance brand awareness. This campaign had at its core the concept of buzz marketing. By the use of this concept the company amplified its core association of: Excitement, Uniqueness and Fun. Through this campaign th e company very successfully raised the level of awareness of its brand, and created a word of mouth effect among its customer community. This campaign employed both traditional and contemporary marketing tools and tactics, for instance media houses were brought into this campaign, print and online advertising was done along with promotional material being planted in hot spots(important public centers). Through â€Å"Bondage Fetish leather†, the company extended its adventurous and likely nature. In this entire promotional campaign the company engaged its target audience and fan community. The company employed methods which led to their (audience and community) participation. In this endeavor the company also made use of digital community forums like social networking sites e.g. Face Book, Twitter, YouTube. One unique method used in this endeavor was MINI Space, which brought together the MINI community. This community used to engage in online conversations in the form of thre ads, to communicate their opinions about the car. Direct marketing tools like emails and instant messages were also used. A unique king of email was sent to customers, containing a game in it. This mail was very

Literary Criticism on The Star by H.G. Wells Research Paper

Literary Criticism on The Star by H.G. Wells - Research Paper Example They made a mysterious and previously inaccessible world of space friendly and interesting for everyone. They gave people the stars and heavenly heights. The two greatest world fantasy writers were H.G. Wells and Arthur C. Clarke. Who was not absorbed in the childhood by their exciting novels and short stories? Both of them along with Jules Verne and Hugo Gernsback, have been referred to as "The Fathers of Science Fiction". They have always been at the forefront of scientific thinking, they challenged the traditional and conservative views of many people who rejected the advanced and innovative research ideas and stubbornly followed old, outdated conceptions of the universe, the origin of man and the so-called â€Å"higher divine power.† In this work we will make at attempt to reflect the points of view of the both writers to the power of human thought, the role of science in the modern world, as well as the growing conflict between traditional religious beliefs and progressiv e scientific views. The objects of this essay are the novels â€Å"The Star† by H.G. Wells and â€Å"The Star† by Arthur C. Clarke. â€Å"The Star† by H.G. Wells is an apocalyptic short story written in 1897. ... A famous master mathematician publishes his calculations according to which â€Å"the star would either hit Earth or pass by at close proximity, which would lead to apocalyptic ecological consequences† (Wells). The terrible prognoses come true and soon the whole planet is overwhelmed with earthquakes, ice-melting, floods, tsunamis causing â€Å"the devastation across the world. Most of human population perishes, and its works remain unusable, cities, cathedrals, farms, etc. and when it seems that nothing can save the humanity the killing star suddenly slightly changes its orbit about the Earth to a more distant one† (Wells). According to Martian astronomers the Earth’s survival was a real miracle â€Å"despite the huge havoc that has been brought upon its surface† (Wells). The star did much hard to the planet and the humanity: Extensive areas of Greenland lost its ice cover and turned green and favorable for inhabiting, the Earth’s climate has great ly changed and now people have to settle close to poles where it is much warmer than in other regions. The author underlines that these significant and terrible changes which caused millions of deaths all around the world, were just a small and minor event for the Universe where thousands of planets and stars perish every day â€Å"Which only shows how small the vastest of human catastrophes may seem, at a distance of a few million miles†(Wells). Another strong idea placed in the center of this story is non-divine nature of the universe in general and our planet in particular. The author vividly shows that all the events occurring in the world whether it is death of a civilization or some minor accidents can be scientifically grounded and

Information Management and Knowledge Management Essay

Information Management and Knowledge Management - Essay Example According to the discussion in order to evaluate the importance of information flow and knowledge management both the concepts should be properly understood and analysed. According to Duan, Nie and Coakes, knowledge management concept is a further modelling of the information management which focuses on developing the database system of a firm whereas information management processes are used to ensure that the right person is having the right information. On the other hand, BegonaLloria stated that use of knowledge and information management practices are used in a correlated manner. It has been observed in case of Danone who use their customised Networking Attitude for sharing of information among their employee base and also measure the accuracy of the information.  This paper declares that  in the 21st century, the operational process of Danone experienced many changes that were focused on enhancing diversity and also improve their knowledge management process. The introducti on of Riboud as the CEO of Danone was such a step which enabled the company to maintain communication with the local markets and gather relevant information regarding the market conditions. Riboud’s belief was that having a proper information network through the operational channels will help the organisation in designing an accurate business measures. The company introduced the Growth Program in the year 2003 which would allow them to align their knowledge management activities with the growth of the organisation.  

Your Ideal Family Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Your Ideal Family - Essay Example As the term ‘ideal’ meant â€Å"satisfying one’s conception of what is perfect; most suitable† (Oxford University Press, 2014), for me, an ideal family should be balanced; meaning, aside from the presence of both parents, siblings should be at least two. But due to China’s one child policy which was previously mandated as a means to prevent population explosion, my parents adhered to the rule. Therefore, being an only daughter did not fit my definition and concept of an ideal family. I would have wanted at least one sibling to share childhood experiences and a common bond to express the love, caring and support that I received from my parents. From my personal perspective, I strongly believe that some forces that affect families include internal and external forces. Internal forces are the values, beliefs and philosophies of each family member, as individuals, that shape one’s personality. Of course, I affirm that each individual was raised in a different familial environment which makes experiences and belief systems distinct and unique. Likewise, external forces that affect families include the political system, economic and financial condition, social factors (how people within the community related to each other), technological factors, and environmental factors. All of these factors have affected my family. For the social forces, it was emphasized that the following factors were noted to affect families: education, housing, employment, childhood cultural trends (Ryan, 2014). For instance, internal forces, which were described as the value systems of each of my parent, have affected the way I was raised. My father had been more of a disciplinarian and exhibited a more authoritative style. In contrast, my mother is very democratic in her parenting style. Therefore, there were instances where my father and mother expressed contrasting views on the way to address some concerns and issues on raising me or in solving problems. The

Globalization and Internation Financial Crisis Essay

Globalization and Internation Financial Crisis - Essay Example This consolidation of global relationships is at the level of  individuals,  companies,  institutions  and countries (Campenhout and Cassimon, 2012).  The main causes of the process of globalization are the  technical progress in the communications and transportation sections, as well as, the  political  decisions on  liberalization  of  world trade. The study of International Finance is of particular significance in today’s globalized financial marketplace. International finance is a branch of  international economics and focuses on the monetary side of the international  economy. The subject matter of international finance is useful for students of economics, finance and business studies.  Ã‚  It is theorized that increasing globalization has played a role in creation of a wave of international financial crises in contemporary times (Schmukler and Vesperoni, 2006). The paper critically evaluates the supposition of globalization’s role in in ternational financial crisis and assesses the question whether international financial stability is feasible in an increasingly globalised economy. In addition, the paper critically appraises international financial crisis and ensuing policy responses to maximize economic and welfare consequences.   Discussion The degree of change brought about by the globalization of financial systems has been termed as financial globalization  by several researchers. Globalization of financial systems leads to the creation of a regional market integration of external financing.  According to Mishkin (2009), the financial aspect of  globalization  has three dimensions: geographical aspect of financial globalization refers to mobility of capital from one country to another, functional aspect of globalization relates to  capital markets which are compartmentalized through shifts in money markets and  stock markets. Obadan (2006) mentions that under the influence of financial globalizati on, global financial institutions are created, as well, like the  IMF, World Bank  and the European Community. Globalization’s effect on international financial markets also includes deregulation, abolition of  exchange controls  and restrictions on capital movements. Globalization also encourages financial innovation, disintermediation and direct access operators to funding without going through  intermediaries (Cline, 2010). The impacts of globalization on the financial systems are dealt under heads: Market Development Financial globalization has facilitated the financing of companies and that the  balance of payments. This has eliminated barriers to capital flows and has given an unprecedented boost to  financial markets worldwide (Rose, Prasad and Terrones, 2009). Today financial information is processed and disseminated around the  world, which leads to increased speculations in the financial markets and a high  volatility  of  capital round the glo be.  This provides a flow of investment opportunities based on  economic factors (Mishkin, 2009). These effects are sometimes seen as uncontrollable by the regional banking system  and the  international fina

Financial analysis of Burberry Company(FTSE 100 Company) Assignment

Financial analysis of Burberry Company(FTSE 100 Company) - Assignment Example fiscal year 2012/13 on market review and research that will be centered on important sites in Asia.2 Indeed, Burberry has turnout to be resilient. Since 2009, the company’s assets have grown by 43% and its equity has increased by 64%. The equity growth is mostly due its Retained Earnings that have more than doubled during the last four fiscal years of the company – from ?199.2 million in 2009 to ?507.1 in 2012. To fuel the continuing expansion of its operations in the last four years and to fund its working capital requirements, Burberry has not opted to issue additional common shares. Thus, its common stocks, at par value, have not increased in the course of the last four years. Instead, Burberry’s long-term liabilities have increased by almost 250% from ?35 million in 2009 to ?122.4 million in 2012. While Burberry has generally been operating as a profitable company, it incurred a net loss of ?6.0 million for the year ended 31 March 2009. In spite of the dire e ffects of the financial crisis that substantially crippled global giants that have considerable operations in USA and Europe, Burberry has generated operating profits that amounted to ?182.6 million for 2009. However, the non-operating expenses for 2009 ended up gobbling such profits made from the company’s operations. The total bulk of ?193.5 million was incurred mostly for booking impairment charges at ?129.6 million – the sum of ?116.2 million pertaining to the goodwill initially recognized for Burberry’s operations in Spain plus ?13.4 million for the stores established in the same country. In addition, negative goodwill has as well been credited at ?1.7 million for the formation of the Burberry Middle East joint venture. These procedures were conducted in compliance with International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) regulations that uphold International Accounting Standards (IAS) #36, which require the writing down of impaired assets and the recognition of impairment losses on goodwill and intangible assets.3 The foregoing matter aside, Burberry’s operations has delivered Earnings Before Income Tax (EBIT) that increased year-on-year from 2009 to 2013. In fact, the company’s EBIT in 2012 is 195% of the equivalent in 2009. The income statements below provide that while Burberry’s revenues increased by 54.57% from 2009 to 2012, its cost of sales increased by only 4.22%. This reflects an increased efficiency in the operations – sourcing, production and distribution. The balance sheets and income statements of Burberry for the years 2009 to 2012 reflect an overall uptrend of its income and, subsequently, its book value per share. The common-size balance sheets highlights the increasing share of Burberry’s equity vis-a-vis the decreasing share of its total liabilities in the total assets of the company. It means that the investment of creditors in the form of loans, etc. have through time become less t han the worth of the company’s equity. While the company’s assets were represented as 51.68%-liabilities and 48.32%-equity in

WC Mod 7 WA Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

WC Mod 7 WA - Research Paper Example Although most crimes are linked to male counterparts than female this has been attributed mostly to the fact that men are typically more aggressive than their female counterparts. The impact of these challenges hinders efficient and effective administration of justice. In addition it is a basis of stereotypes that causes a lot of psychological harm not only to the affected individual but the general population that views it self as minority. The complex relationship between criminology and gender is attributed to the fact that relatively little attention has been dedicated to women in the justice system because of their small percentage in the system. This explanation fall short in a number of ways, first is that while women are underrepresented as victims, workers and offender, the number of women falling into criminal activity is still rising. Secondly practices that negatively affect the men have an effect on women as well for instance women are the ones who bear the responsibility of child-care when the male counterpart is imprisoned. Additionally while the criminal system is all male based gender is relevant when talking about male involvement in the system as well as female. It is however worth noticing that significant developments have been witnessed and currently discussing gender and crime is definitely an easy task now as compared to how it was thirty years back. Criminology is a wide concept that requires a holistic approach and to establish the link of gender and crime and the overall effect it has on criminology and justice system. Gender plays a critical role in understanding and resolving issues of related to crime. Criminology takes into consideration the theories of Marxism, feminist and critical theory as crimes originate from inequalities. In the 19th century Italian criminologist known as Cesare Lombroso developed the theory of

Role of Managers Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Role of Managers - Research Paper Example Different organizations have different management styles and organization cultures. There has been rapid innovation and changes in the field of management. The increasing technological changes and advancement along with whole new sets of concepts and working principles have made the task of management biggest challenge in today’s corporate world. FOUR JOB FUNCTIONS OF MANAGERS: The four job functions of managers are (Tripathi & Reddy, 2006): 1. Planning 2. Organizing 3. Leading 4. Controlling Planning: The first element of the management and job function of managers is planning. It is the duty or responsibility of the manager to plan and set the goals and targets for the organization. Along with this function of planning also includes strategies and methods about how the goals and targets will be achieve. Hence, the two most important and critical elements of the planning function are: setting up of goals and targets and implementing the planning about the aims and objectives. Organizing: The second job function or responsibility of the managers is organizing. The responsibility for the organization of the company is placed on the managers. This responsibility or duty includes the organization of all resources including people or human resource. ... Leading: It is important to understand that there is difference between management and leadership. The management is associated with only managing the employees, ensuring that whether the task has been done on the right time, and that all policies and rules are followed. On the other hand the process leadership involves motivating and encouraging employees to perform well. Along with this the leader guides the employees in order to achieve the targets and goals of the company. An effective and efficient manager is one who is also able to lead the employees along with managing them. For this purpose it is essential for the manager to identify elements which motivates and encourage the employees. Controlling: The last job function of the manager is controlling. It includes the process of monitoring and evaluating the overall performance of the organization. This function is necessary in order to ensure that the overall organization is on the right track and is working to accomplish the goals and targets. Apart from this it is also the responsibility of the manager to do cost versus benefits or performance analysis for different projects and activities undertaken by the organization. KEYS TO SUCCESSFULLY CARRY OUT MANAGEMENT RESPONSIBILITIES: In order to be able to successfully carry out and fulfill the duties and responsibilities associated with managers it is required to understand the process of management. The mangers should be competent enough to perform all the required tasks and job functions. Management is not an easy task, it involves different responsibilities including, planning, controlling, leading, organizing, staffing, and many more. Managers have to understand that the task of management is basically a balancing act in which one has to balance several

Political Science Essay Example for Free

Political Science Essay 1) Who is Oedipus? Jocasta? Laius? Theseus? Answer: Oedipus is the son of Laius and Jocasta there was prophet that he was going to kill his father and wed his mother. Laius is the king of Thebes and Oedipus’ father who was killed as a fulfillment on an oracle. Theseus is the king of Athens who takes Oedipus in and protects him after he has suffered greatly. 2) In the play Oedipus Rex, what is the relationship between truth, freedom, identity, and responsibility? Answer: Fate is inescapable. Oedipus learning the truth is him learning his identity and with freedom comes responsibility. 3) What is pollution? OR, why must Oedipus assume responsibility for things he did not know? Answer: Pollution is that for which Oedipus is responsible for. There are consequences for his actions and he must accept them. 4) What does it mean to say that freedom is recognition of necessity? Answer: It means we are never absolutely free. There is always a restraint. 5) In the final analysis, what advice about freedom, fate and the gods is Sophocles giving in Oedipus Rex? Answer: Strive for excellence in a world of constraints, rebel and accept the Gods, bravely acceptthe consequences of one’s actions, and do all of this in reverence and humility. 6) What does it mean to defend freedom on the basis of natural rights? Answer: Natural rights are rights that no person can give us. We have them because we arehuman.To say this is defending it. – Normative way of thinking 7) What does it mean to defend freedom on the basis of utility? Answer: Freedom as a utility are rights that defend the right on grounds of the city rather than ofthe Gods. 8) According to Adrienne Rich, what does a woman need to know to be free? Answer: She needs to know her own history, analysis of her own condition, her politicized female body, and creative genius of women in the past. 9) Whose freedom is Sojourner Truth advocating? Answer: Sojourner Truth is advocating the freedom of African Americans, free slaves, and women 10) According to John Stuart Mill, what is the greatest danger to freedom in a democratic society? Answer: The greatest danger to freedom in a democratic society is social tyranny (public opinion) because it penetrates so deeply into one’s soul that there is no alternative. It feathers the development of individuality (the notion of an autonomous and rationality of the individual). 11) According to Mill, what is the domain of consciousness, or those freedoms that are most precious? Answer: Conscious, Thought/Feeling, Opinion/Sentiment, Expression, Tastes Pursuits, Unite/Assembly 12) According to Mill, what utility does freedom have for the pursuit of truth? Answer: Partial truths may have some truth, but even truth must be combatted, questioned or it isnothing but prejudice or dogma. 13) According to Mill, what utility does freedom have for the development of individuality? Answer: The individual needs freedom for observation, needs freedom of reason and judgment, freedom to gather information, freedom to discriminate/to decide, and freedom and courage to hold firm to our tastes. 14) According to Mill, what utility does freedom have for the development of a progressive society? Answer: Societies that are possessive of innovation sustain truths and tradition and avoid mediocrity. 15) How does Sophocles portray Oedipus and the issue of guilt/innocence in Oedipus at Colonus? Answer: Oedipus is a stranger in need, he declares his innocence, and Thesesus and Athens offer him gifts. 16) What does Theseus offer to Oedipus in Oedipus at Colonus? Why? Answer: Theseus greets Oedipus with respect and empathy. He asks Oedipus what does he need and offers him hospitality and protection from Creon, Creon’s army, and Polynices. He gives him citizenship and grace. Theseus gives him gifts given by Athens because Theseus was once to in exile. 17) What is the function/importance of a language of the good? Answer: It teaches us what human beings need to achieve their potential. 18) What is Abraham Maslow’s hierarchy of needs? How does it compare to Aristotle’s theory of the goods of life? Answer: It is a pyramid showing the balanced goods or â€Å"diet† a human being needs to be happy like self-actualization, belongingness, esteem, safety, and physiological. How it compares idk. 19) Who is Pericles and what are the main principles of his funeral oration? Answer: Pericles is general and orator in Athens. The main principles of his funeral oration are city of freedom, city of empire, and citizenship. 20) What does Pericles have to say about citizenship? Answer: Citizenship requires excellence, public service, reverence for the city (patriotism), respect for authorities and law, military training, beauty, and willingness to die for the city. 21) What is Socrates’ vocation? Answer: He literally disapproves of the oracle which says he is the wisest man. 22) What are the formal charges against Socrates? Answer: The formal charges against Socrates are public opinion. 23) What are the informal charges against Socrates? Answer: He studies things that are above the sky and are below the earth. He makes strong arguments weak and weak arguments strong. He does not believe in the Gods of the city, but one new God. 24) What is Socratic ignorance? Answer: A certain type of wisdom is a certain type of ignorance. You don’t say what you don’t know. 25) What is Socrates’ daimon? Answer: The daimon is the inner God that speaks to him. It is a voice of subjectivity, consciousness, and rational insight. (picture a little angel on one shoulder and a devil on the other trying to tell you what you should do) 26) What is the relationship, in Socrates, of philosophy, death and the heroic tradition? Answer: Socrates does not fear death. He sees it as his characters (an eternal sleep or rejoining with loved one). The soul of one is not at stake. The soul of many is. 27) What does Socrates mean by caring for the soul? Answer: Caring for the soul means avoid injustice, ruthless intellectual honesty, engage in self-examination, and sustain moral energy. 28) What are the characteristics of Socrates’ theory of citizenship? Answer: The characteristics are caring for the soul, moral skepticism/dissent, a strong sense of moral individualism, all of this occurs in socratic ignorance, heroic citizenship (a citizen that does not fear death), and love of the city.

Why Did Collective Security Fail In The 1930s History Essay

Why Did Collective Security Fail In The 1930s History Essay The 1930s saw the failure of the League of Nations in terms of Collective Security. Several shortcomings and problems resulted on three major crises that proved the League to be helpless. In the grip of the Great Depression of the 1930s, the major powers of the League (Britain and France) were more inclined to a policy of appeasement. Basically a more liberal alternative to the Balance of Theory, Collective Security was the idea that nations should group together in condemnation of any aggressor and pursue sanctions against them, whether economical, diplomatic, or military. This idea was enshrined in Articles 10, 11, and 16 of the Leagues Covenant. There was, however, a major flaw in the Leagues proposal of Collective Security; none of it was enforceable, nations could choose whether or not comply, therefore making it little more than a code of honour, and since when has honour ever been of any value on politics when it comes to each nations interests? The aforementioned articles do not specify any particular sanctions or punishments for offending nations, merely stating that the Council will advise upon the course of action to be taken. Following the major events of the 1930s, the League failed spectacularly in upholding international peace and the Second World War broke out in 1939. The League did not meet once during the war and in 1946, its duties were given to the newly formed United Nations. Aside from the three major crises that occurred (which will be looked into later in this paper) there were some basic problems that prevented Collective Security from ever being a reality. Firstly, the USA preferred an isolationist policy at the time, and was therefore not a member of the League of Nations, and their support and influence was therefore absent from all negotiations. Even thought the Americans would voice their opinion at times, they took no action. In terms of their military, Britain and France were in a very weak state, and the world knew it Therefore, their diplomacy help very little sway as they could not back up their threats with any action; this, plus a lack of Soviet support, meant they could do little but shake their heads at the antics of rogue states such as Germany, Japan, and Italy. Economically, they were also very weak. The Great Depression had hit both nations hard and their defence spending was down. Furthermore, in British politics, it was the common opinion of politicians that the British public cared little for issues far from home. Who among the public would care for the Manchurians, or Ethiopians, or Czechoslovakians? In the grip of such a terrible depression, it is easy to see why the British politicians would only seek to improve conditions at home. They therefore only declared support for economic sanctions, merely to keep a good image in international politics. It is interesting to note that Winston Churchill, when he was Chancellor of the Exchequer, was a strong opponent of appeasement. The first major challenge to Collective Security was the Mukden Incident and subsequent Japanese invasion of Manchuria in China. Japan was as hard hit as any other nation by the depression and sought to overcome its economic problems by creating an empire. At the time, the Japanese had control of the Manchurian railway and it was speculated that they had for a long time intended to invade, but simply waited for an excuse to do so. In 1931, the Japanese claimed the railway in Mukden was sabotaged by Chinese nationalists and proceeded to attack the Chinese army in the region (who had recently executed a Japanese spy). The Chinese forces, knowing that the Japanese simply wanted an excuse to invade, offered very little resistance. In no time at all, the Japanese had launched a full scale invasion and their tenacious and well trained troops had no problem in overcoming the Chinese army. Within weeks, key locations in Manchuria were already in Japanese hands and by February 1932 the whole of Manchuria was captured. The Japanese controlled state of Manchukuo was set up the same year with the former Chinese emperor running it. In response to this, China appealed to the League of Nations to do something about the Japanese attack. The League sent a delegation to Manchuria to look into the issue and come to a conclusion about who was to blame. The delegation, however, took until September that year to conclude that the Japanese were to blame and recommend that Manchuria be returned to the Chinese, something the Japanese ignored. In February 1933, a special League Assembly was held to discuss the matter, in which 40 countries agreed that Japan had acted aggressively without justification and that they had to withdraw from Manchuria, which would be returned to China. The Japanese delegate had said at the meeting, due to the fact that China had only recently emerged from a revolution and was still in the midst of a civil war, that China was not a real country. When an agreement could not be reached, Japan informed the League of its intention to withdraw from it. Japan was no longer a member of the League of Nati ons and in 1933 invaded Jehal, the next Chinese province next to Manchuria. Economic sanctions were suggested at the League but never put into effect because Japans main trade partner, the USA, was not a member of the League. Further, the British had trade interests with Japan and did not want to sever trade with them. The League did not even order a halt on arms sales to the Japanese, in fear of a Japanese declaration of war. The next incident to threaten Collective Security was the Italian invasion of Ethiopia. Ironically, as recently as September 1928, Italy had reaffirmed its Treaty of Friendship with Ethiopia. This was, however, all about to change. The Italians did have some fortified military bases in Ethiopia (without Ethiopian consent it should be added) and because these were never disputed they assumed that the international community recognised it as their right. In December 1934, at a base in Welwel, Ethiopia, an Anglo-Ethiopian boundary commission encountered an Italian fortified base. Once the commission had finished, it withdrew, but left behind its Ethiopian military escort. The escort ended up fighting the Italians. Both parties complained of the others guilt. In September 1935, the League of Nations exonerated both parties in this incident. However, due to the delay and the subtlety of the British and French political manoeuvrings, Mussolini perceived the weakness and helplessness of the British and French, and concluded that there were no obstacles in his path. Therefore, on October 3rd, 1935, Italian forces invaded Ethiopia from Eritrea and Italian Somaliland without a declaration of war. Four days later, the League unanimously declared Italy an aggressor but did nothing further. In another display of belligerence, an Italian Baron in Geneva taunted the League of Nations, saying that Italy was ready for war with Europe should they oppose Italys plans, and that peace would soon follow. The Ethiopian armies were no match against Italys modern army with its tanks and aircraft and after seven months of war, Ethiopia was defeated and its emperor, Haile Selassie, had fled the country, much to the disgust of the Ethiopian people. During the wa r, the Italians had even used poison gas against the Ethiopians and the Leagues proposed armaments embargo was ignored. In June the following year, Haile Selassie was in Geneva, and gave a speech to the League of Nations. He said that they had to now decide whether they supported Collective Security, or International Lawlessness. This was all of to avail, as Britain and France soon recognised Italys control of Ethiopia and, also in June, the Italians formed a constitution that joined Ethiopia, Eritrea, and Italian Somaliland into one administrative unit, split into 6 provinces. In response to a failed assassination attempt on the Italian commander in Ethiopia, Graziani, the Italians executed 30,000 Ethiopians, mostly from the young and educated in society. Italy had extended its empire as the Leagues members merely dithered and debated among themselves. The third and final crisis that more or less finished off the League and brought about the end of Collective Security was the Munich Agreement and Germanys subsequent invasion of Eastern Europe. The nation of Czechoslovakia was formed in 1919 from territory of the former Austro-Hungarian Empire. In a typically cack-handed attempt by the Allies at creating a post-WWI nation, the country had around 7.5million Czechs, 3.2million Germans, 2.3million Slovaks, 560,000 Magyars, and 100,000 Poles. This multiethnic society had many issues, particularly among the Germans, who resented being ruled by others. The Germans were mainly concentrated in an area called the Sudetenland. The Sudeten Germans Peoples Party, formed in 1931, had demanded that the region be given to Germany; a demand ignored by the Czech government because it could encourage other ethnicities in Czechoslovakia to demand independence and because the Sudetenland was very rich in natural resources like lignite and coal. Therefore, in 1938, Adolf Hitler instructed his generals to prepare for the invasion of Czechoslovakia. Although France had signed a defence pact with Czechoslovakia, Hitler was confident that the French would do nothing to interfere in order to avoid war with Germany. The British policy favoured peace above all else because it was simply not in any position to impose any threats on Germany. The might of Britains armed forces was the Royal Navy, which could not access the landlocked nation of Czechoslovakia and the Royal Air Force was still undergoing a change from biplane to monoplane aircraft and was therefore in no fit state for action, especially against Germanys Luftwaffe, whose might Hitler had been displaying for quite some time. Therefore, Neville Chamberlain (prime minister of Britain) and Edouard Deladier (president of France) met with Hitler in a place called Bertesgaden, near Munich, to discuss Germanys claim to the Sudetenland. Chamberlain was informed by his military staff that in the first 60days of fighting alone, despite the capable Czechoslovakian army, over a million Czechoslovakians would be killed by the German bombing alone, necessitating the need for mass graves. The British and French propose that all territory in Czechoslovakia with more than 50% German population should be handed over to Germany. These talks, however, failed, and, at Mussolinis suggestion, Hitler calls for a meeting to be held in Munich between Britain, France, Germany, and Italy to discuss the matter again. It is noteworthy that Czechoslovakia and the Soviet Union were not invited to these talked, much to the anger of Joseph Stalin. This time, Chamberlain persuades Deladier that they must appease Germany in order to mainta in peace, which he agrees on. Without Czechoslovakian consent, the British and French bowed to Hitlers demands and signed the Munich agreement, giving Germany the Sudetenland and making it clear to the Czechoslovakians that, if they objected, they had to face Germanys army alone. This was done on the condition that Germany would make no further territorial claims. Chamberlain returns to Britain and is hailed as the man who saved Europe from war. The Czechoslovakian frontier guards were ordered to leave their posts; Germany took control of the Sudetenland, and soon violated the agreement by stationing military units in the region. These three incidents in the 1930s completely undermined the whole concept of Collective Security. Collective Security sought to condemn and punish aggressors, to protect the sovereignty of its members, and maintain peace in general. The League of Nations failed in this respect, the biggest proof of this is the Second World War that followed these events. The British and French merely tried to appease the aggressive states, a policy which only delayed war. Furthermore, the USA maintained its isolationist policy until the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbour, when they finally entered the war. The League was powerless to enforce any effective sanctions against offending states, often due to an unwillingness to act on the part of the British and French, their inability to cooperate with Russia, and Americas abstention from taking part. Whether or not the powers could have enforced the Leagues decisions is a debateable point. According to Churchill, the Royal Navy was perfectly capable of sinking any Italian ship in the Mediterranean headed for Ethiopia. It could also be argued that Britain could have used its Navy, in agreement with Frances more considerable Army, to force Germany to come to terms. Although the Royal Navy could not access Czechoslovakia, it could still have threatened to blockade German ports if Germany wanted to invade. Instead, the British signed a treaty with Hitler allowing Germany to have a navy one third the size of Britains. The British and French did not prevent the Italians from using the Suez Canal during the Italian invasion of Ethiopia, and the fact that they merely threatened sanctions but did not enforce them achieved nothing but to push Italy into an alliance with Nazi Germany. To top all of this, the Soviets tried to invade Finland in 1939-40. Stalin was worried about the proximity of Leningrad to the Finnish border, which he feared was vulnerable to Nazi artillery fire. When the Soviets attacked, the British and French condemned it, and sent reinforcements to Finland that ousted the Soviets. This seems like the British and French realising, too late, that they had lost the fight for peace. The Second World War began with Germanys violation of the Munich Agreement by invading Poland. Too late the British and French took up arms to fight for peace. Germany already controlled much land beyond its borders, Italy had furthered its imperial ambitions in Africa, and Japan was steadily spreading its empire in Asia and the Pacific. Collective Security had therefore failed in all respects. The First World War was called the War to End All Wars and the League of Nations was established in an effort to prevent another global conflict; it failed, another World War was fought, and the League did not meet once during the 6 years of conflict. In 1946, its duties were transferred to the newly created United Nations. Sources: http://www.americanforeignrelations.com/A-D/Collective-Security-The-1930s-and-the-failure-of-the-league-of-nations.html http://www.johndclare.net/league_of_nations8.htm http://www.123helpme.com/view.asp?id=23501 http://www.state.gov/r/pa/ho/time/id/88739.htm http://avalon.law.yale.edu/20th_century/leagcov.asp http://modern-british-history.suite101.com/article.cfm/how_to_understand_appeasement http://www.johndclare.net/league_of_nations6.htm http://www.johndclare.net/EL5.htm http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/FWWleague.htm http://www.historylearningsite.co.uk/czechoslovakia_1938.htm http://library.thinkquest.org/CR0212881/invfin.html http://www.country-studies.com/ethiopia/mussolini%27s-invasion-and-the-italian-occupation.html

Importance of Art Education in Primary Schools

Importance of Art Education in Primary Schools Art is the quality, production, expression, or realm, according to aesthetic principles, of what is beautiful, appealing, or of more than ordinary significance. It is also the class of objects subject to aesthetic criteria; works of art collectively, as paintings, sculptures, or drawings. There may be a few variations in the precise naming of the activities it is generally accepted that the triumvirate of creating, performing and appreciating dance as a conceptual basis underlies all phases of dance education. (Davies, 2003) Why are the arts important to young children? The role of the visual arts in early childhood education has long been recognised and valued as an essential component of the curriculum. (Eckhoff, Angela, 2011) The arts consist of variation of appreciation. The different forms art such as dancing, drawing and painting, performance art, sculpturing and many more. Art needs to be included in the schools curriculum and encompass the knowledge of the arts education to the children. Art appreciation can be inculcate to children at young age. Knowing and understanding of the arts may also help children to express themselves in different creative art forms in which they are comfortable in. Art nurtures the child to be inventiveness as it engages the child in a process that helps in the development of self-esteem, self-discipline, cooperation, and self-motivation. Childrens self-esteem will improve as there is not right or wrong in self creative creation. In this way, childrens are able to complete task with self-discipline and longer patience in completing an art piece regardless whether it is an drawing and painting piece or a dance and music piece. Working cooperatively will also be enhanced childrens patience such as dancing together with music and other children to produce a wonderful piece of musical. Most importantly children needs to be self-motivated to have the interest in arts. At times while working with each other to produce an art piece also needs problem solving, contributing ideas and respecting each other. Each child will have to communicate in a variety ways to express their thoughts and produce the art piece they want it to be. The belief that art education should encourage the childs creativity, imagination, and expression did not mean that all previous pedagogies were replaced. (Jolley, 2010) Imagination helps children with expression in dancing and also helped in language to find the correct vocabulary to describe their expression. Childs creativity should not be obstructed or corrected by the adults or educators. Updated pedagogies helps to improve and also work on the previous believes. Forms of art In terms of aesthetic and creative education, dance has much to share with drama, music and the visual arts. (Davies, 2003) Dancing is an activity that needs time to work on and gain wide experience. It needs to work with choreographing of movements and music together by trying out and composing the art piece. Performing can be taken to mean to do, to show, to dance, creating as making, trying out, or composing, while appreciation is the outcome of watching, viewing, talking about and drawing about dance. (Davis, 2003) It may be an expressive dance in a drama which could be a class activity having children to have a discussion with their ideas and suggestions on how the characters should dance, facial expression , choosing the piece of music to express the mood of the scene and moving along with the music. Children would have trials and errors along the way in the making and appreciating in every part of the dance drama they have created. In terms of dancing consist of being a creator or maker, a viewer or spectator or as a doer or performer. (Davies, 2003) Certain movement ideas frequently used by in informal situations seem to belong together and can be utilised in dance. (Davis 2003) Educators on their part, they can facilitate the students by guiding exploring different ideas of movement such as running and leaping, turning and twisting, moving and stopping suddenly. Children will be able to choose the right movement they would want to include into their dance. Educators may also guide children choosing the instrument they would like to use for the movement using different sounds. For example, the sound of the fast ringing bells can be the movement of running. Another form of art is drawing. Drawing from observation still represents a key component of statutory art education for children aged 5 to 14 years of age. (Jolley 2010 ) Drawing involves imagination and creativity and expression. Drawing helps children to express their thoughts with different kinds of lines and shapes. Observation also plays an important part in drawing. For example, children may observe a stalk of flower or the movements of the grass when the wind blows and draw the expression of what they have observed using different lines. For example, curvy lines, straight lines and zig-zag lines. Once children are allowed to make representational drawings, rather than mere line and shape, they are often directed towards forms of subject matter such as cubes, cones, prisms, and so on, whether copies from pictures of three-dimensional models. (Jolley,2010) Children may also move to a higher level to explore drawing representational drawings with their imagination. Educators may guide children by introducing the drawing of different lines such as horizontal line, vertical line, wavy line and spiral line. Students will then apply what they have learnt in their drawings. Students will also need to be given opportunities to observe the environment around them , space for creativity and imagination. Children are then taught to draw more controlled lines. (Jolley, 2010) Teachers go for PD? It will be beneficial for educators to undergo training attaining higher level certificate may also attend a more intensive and substantial art modules. In this way, it will equip the educators with more knowledge and understanding of art education. Educators will have better skills to guide the students and facilitate the child to explore the choices or methods he could use to express his art piece. School management may also encourage their educators to attend professional development to be equipped with updated skills and pedagogies. Student will not be bored with structured ways of teaching art and lessons are more enjoyable for students to learn. Arts education in the curriculum planning. According to the Ministry Of Education, Singapore, Kindergarten Curriculum Guide (KCG), aesthetics and creative expression is being part of integrated learning in the holistic development of the child. In the school planning, it has to include the childrens experiences in visual arts, music and movement allow children to be expressive, creative and imaginative. (Kindergarten Curriculum Guide, 2008) Therefore, it is essential to plan the schools curriculum according to the framework and arts will not be left out. In the schools curriculum, children are also taught to learn appreciation of visual arts and musical instruments. Children will be given chance to discuss about their own art works such as describing the lines , colours and shapes used. (Kindergarten Curriculum Guide) Children will also be given opportunity to appreciate, learn and explore the different sounds made by the instruments. Conclusion Art is important in young childrens education as it is one of the ways to help children to express themselves through different channels such as dance, drama and visual arts. Children need not to be afraid making mistakes as art promotes creativity, imagination and expressions. It is also essential to have arts education in the school, so as to have educators to guide the students and giving then opportunities to explore different kinds of art such as visual arts, drama and music and movement.

How Can Students be Moviated to Stay in High-school Essay -- Teaching

How Can Students be Moviated to Stay in High-school First of all, I think the students should be motivated mainly by their parents and then by their teachers. Parents should motivate their children by telling them how being a high-school graduate High-School Drop-Outs How can students be motivated to stay in school? First of all, I think the students should be motivated mainly by their parents and then by their teachers. Parents should motivate their children by telling them how being a high-school graduate will help them in life. The parent may mention how being a high-school graduate helped them or how they were hurt by being a high-school drop-out. Teachers can help motivate students by making school fun along with the teaching of the regular lessons. Teachers could also invite various people that graduated from high-school and some that were drop-outs to tell their own personal story. This may help students see the reality of being a high-school graduate or that being a high school drop-out can seriously affect that persons' life. Another thing that should be taken into consideration is that when a parent or teacher is talking to their child or student, the parent or teacher should not focus all on negative ideas. If they focus on negative ideas, and say such things as, â€Å"If you don't finish school then......,† then the child could be demotivated instead of being motivated. Parents and teachers should focus mainly on the positive ideas when motiv...

Legal Ownership of the Parthenon Marbles Essay -- Parthenon Marbles

Legal Ownership of the Parthenon Marbles The controversy began almost one hundred years ago. Between 1801 and 1812, Thomas Bruce, 7th Earl of Elgin and British Ambassador to the Ottoman Empire, removed several sculptures from the Parthenon in Athens and shipped them to England, where he sold them to the British Museum in 1816. 167 years later, Melina Mercouri, Greek Minister of Culture, requested that the â€Å"Elgin† Marbles be returned. This request sparked one of the greatest debates the art world has ever known. For the past two decades, people have argued over who has the rights to these Marbles. The Greek position is certainly understandable from a cultural and emotional point of view. However, from the standpoint of legality and logic, it is hard to make a solid case against the Marbles’ continued presence in Britain. Legally, Greece could call for the return of the Parthenon Marbles if it could prove that they were wrongly taken and never belonged, legally or morally, to the British. If Lord Elgin’s title were proven defective, then the same would hold true for England’s title. In order to determine whether or not this is the case, the first question that must be raised is whether the Ottomans (then the recognized government of Greece) had the authority to transfer property rights to Elgin. Under international law at the time, acts of Ottoman officials with respect to property under their authority were valid. Even if those actions were not widely supported, they were still legal. The Ottoman officials had a solid claim to authority over the Parthenon because it was public property, which the successor nation acquires on change of sovereignty. Therefore, it is clear that the Ottomans had the power to give Elgin property rights. The next question that must be raised is whether or not they did. This has proven to be slightly less clear. Elgin obtained from the Ottoman government in Constantinople a formal written instrument called a firman. This document states: â€Å"It is incumbent on us to provide that they [i.e. Elgin’s party] meet no opposition in walking, viewing, or contemplating the pictures and buildings they may wish to design or copy; and in any of their works of fixing scaffolding ... around the ancient Temple of the Idols, or in modeling with chalk or gypsum the said ornaments and visible figures ... or in excavati... ...ons. New York’s Metropolitan Museum of Art, the Louvre in Paris, and all other western museums contain vast collections of work from other parts of the world. These marbles symbolize the cultural property in all of the world’s museums, and this debate affects them all. Works Cited Daley, Michael. â€Å"Phedias Albion,† Arts Review Volume 52 (2000): 34-35. Goldsmith, John. The Gymnasium of the Mind, The Journals of Roger Hinks 1933 – 1963. Salisbury: Michael Russell Publishing, 1984. Hitchens, Christopher. The Elgin Marbles: Should They be Returned to Greece? London; New York: Verso, 1998. Jenkins, Ian. â€Å"The 1930’s Cleaning of the Parthenon Sculptures in the British Museum,† The British Museum (2001): http://www.thebritishmuseum.ac.uk/parthenon/ Kurtz, Donna (ed.). Bernard Ashmole 1894-1988, An Autobiography. Oxford: Oxford Books, 1995. Merryman, John Henry. Thinking about the Elgin Marbles: Critical Essays on Cultural Property, Art, and Law. London: Kluwer Law International Ltd, 2000. St. Clair, William. â€Å"The Elgin Marbles: Questions of stewardship and accountability,† International Journal of Cultural Property Volume 8 Issue 2 (1999): 391-521. Legal Ownership of the Parthenon Marbles Essay -- Parthenon Marbles Legal Ownership of the Parthenon Marbles The controversy began almost one hundred years ago. Between 1801 and 1812, Thomas Bruce, 7th Earl of Elgin and British Ambassador to the Ottoman Empire, removed several sculptures from the Parthenon in Athens and shipped them to England, where he sold them to the British Museum in 1816. 167 years later, Melina Mercouri, Greek Minister of Culture, requested that the â€Å"Elgin† Marbles be returned. This request sparked one of the greatest debates the art world has ever known. For the past two decades, people have argued over who has the rights to these Marbles. The Greek position is certainly understandable from a cultural and emotional point of view. However, from the standpoint of legality and logic, it is hard to make a solid case against the Marbles’ continued presence in Britain. Legally, Greece could call for the return of the Parthenon Marbles if it could prove that they were wrongly taken and never belonged, legally or morally, to the British. If Lord Elgin’s title were proven defective, then the same would hold true for England’s title. In order to determine whether or not this is the case, the first question that must be raised is whether the Ottomans (then the recognized government of Greece) had the authority to transfer property rights to Elgin. Under international law at the time, acts of Ottoman officials with respect to property under their authority were valid. Even if those actions were not widely supported, they were still legal. The Ottoman officials had a solid claim to authority over the Parthenon because it was public property, which the successor nation acquires on change of sovereignty. Therefore, it is clear that the Ottomans had the power to give Elgin property rights. The next question that must be raised is whether or not they did. This has proven to be slightly less clear. Elgin obtained from the Ottoman government in Constantinople a formal written instrument called a firman. This document states: â€Å"It is incumbent on us to provide that they [i.e. Elgin’s party] meet no opposition in walking, viewing, or contemplating the pictures and buildings they may wish to design or copy; and in any of their works of fixing scaffolding ... around the ancient Temple of the Idols, or in modeling with chalk or gypsum the said ornaments and visible figures ... or in excavati... ...ons. New York’s Metropolitan Museum of Art, the Louvre in Paris, and all other western museums contain vast collections of work from other parts of the world. These marbles symbolize the cultural property in all of the world’s museums, and this debate affects them all. Works Cited Daley, Michael. â€Å"Phedias Albion,† Arts Review Volume 52 (2000): 34-35. Goldsmith, John. The Gymnasium of the Mind, The Journals of Roger Hinks 1933 – 1963. Salisbury: Michael Russell Publishing, 1984. Hitchens, Christopher. The Elgin Marbles: Should They be Returned to Greece? London; New York: Verso, 1998. Jenkins, Ian. â€Å"The 1930’s Cleaning of the Parthenon Sculptures in the British Museum,† The British Museum (2001): http://www.thebritishmuseum.ac.uk/parthenon/ Kurtz, Donna (ed.). Bernard Ashmole 1894-1988, An Autobiography. Oxford: Oxford Books, 1995. Merryman, John Henry. Thinking about the Elgin Marbles: Critical Essays on Cultural Property, Art, and Law. London: Kluwer Law International Ltd, 2000. St. Clair, William. â€Å"The Elgin Marbles: Questions of stewardship and accountability,† International Journal of Cultural Property Volume 8 Issue 2 (1999): 391-521.

Lithium :: essays research papers

In 1817, an aging Swedish chemist was pouring over his work on a late afternoon in Stockholm, Sweden. He was analyzing a strange ore named Petalite that had been procured from an island off the coast of Sweden called Utà ¶. The ore Petalite (which is now recognized to be LiAl(Si2O5)2) had been discovered by a Brazilian scientist, Josà © Bonifà ¡cio de Andrada e Silva towards the end of the 18th century on a visit to Sweden. This Swedish scientist, Johann August Arfvedson, detected traces of an unknown substance in his sample of Petalite. This was the first discovery of Lithium. From the Greek word "lithos" meaning "stone", it was so named due to the fact that it was discovered from a mineral source; whereas the other two common Group 1 elements, Sodium and Potassium, were found in plant sources. Its symbol, Li, was taken directly from its name. Soon after stumbling upon Lithium, Arfvedson also found traces of the metal in the minerals Spodumene and Lepidolite. In 1818, C.G. Gmelin discovered that Lithium salts color flames a bright red. Neither, Gmelin or Arfvedson, however, were able to isolate the element itself from the Lithium salts. They both tried to reduce the oxide by heating it with Iron or Carbon, but neither met with the success of W.T. Brande and Sir Humphrey Davy. They managed to perform the first isolation of elemental Lithium by the electrolysis of Lithium oxide. Electrolysis is a chemical reaction, which is brought about by the passage of current from an external energy source such as a battery. In 1855, the scientists Bu nsen and Mattiessen isolated larger quantities of the metal by electrolysis of Lithium chloride. Each scientist or team of scientists had so much trouble reducing the Lithium compounds because Lithium does not exist in its elemental form in nature. It combines very easily with other elements. Lithium is a soft silvery-white lustrous metal, which can be easily cut with a knife, and it is the lightest of all known metals. It is highly reactive with water and air, and tarnishes readily when exposed to the latter due to a formation of a layer of Lithium suboxide on its surface. Because of its high rate of reaction to air, it must be stored under liquid paraffin, oil, or kerosene, which contain no air, to prevent oxidation. Lithium is detected in its compounds by the characteristic red coloration that it imparts to flames when burned, as Gmelin detected, and by spectroscopic methods.

The Last Castle – Leadership Styles

ESSEY THE LAST CASTLE This movie presents the internal structure of an organization and also a parallel between two leading styles. The leadership style of two individuals will have consequences on the people they lead and on the final of the conflict. The whole action of the movie is compressed in the elements described by Gen. Irwin at the beginning of the movie: he says that a castle must have four key elements, which include: the location, positioned on high ground, it must have protection from its enemies with a high wall, it must include the garrison (men willing to fight and kill for the castle), and lastly, a castle must have a flag, that the men have to protect by any means. These symbols truly describe the organization presented in the movie and forecast the taken over and the change of the leader. The officially named manger of the prison is Winter who is presented as the †bad guy’’ who commands its subordinates. But the true leader of the prisoners will be Gen. Irwin, presented as the â€Å"good guy† that will lead its subordinates by offering them self-respect and setting a positive example. Both of them have strong characteristics of leaders but one is dominated by negative features and the other one by ethical and moral principles. One has legal authority but one has the real power over the prisoners. Gen Irwin is appointed as leader by the prisoners due to his reputation outside the prison, his values and charisma but also his position of prisoner. The others saw him as one of them that will truly represent their interests. The way each leader will impose his power is presented in an antithesis. Irwin tries to lead its men by creating value and positive attitude but the other one tried to lead by sever punishments. He controlled them through fear and unethical behavior taking advantage of his superior position. People trust one and fear the other one. Winter only wanted benefits for him, to be recognized as a good leader between its peers and had no regard for the prisoners. He was proud of his performance as a prison director where no one intended to escape and no murders took place. He totally ignored the treatment he himself applied to the prisoners including killing them. In contradiction with Winter, Irwin cared about his men rather than caring about himself and how could he benefit from his position. He entrusts his men and reactivates their self respect and their attitudes of soldiers. If at the start of the movie the prisoners were not collaborating with each other and were even fighting for insignificant reasons, after Gen. Irwin takes command, the prisoners become a team and start to trust and to help each other. (as for example when one prisoner suggests that the wall isn’t build correctly he is aggressed, but Irwin delegated a small degree of power to him and makes the other ones listen to that young prisoner who will supervise the wall construction). Regarding the characteristics that made Gen. Irwin a good leader I could mention morality and ethical principles, the respect for the members of his team, ability to plan ahead using the resources available, ability to build confidence in people and motivate them to achieve a common goal, personal commitment to that goal (that lead to his death) and also viewing only the best in the members of his team, in contradiction with Winter who only searched for the worst in the people and use those negative traits to manipulate the prisoners and achieve his own goals. Winter is clearly intimidated by Gen. Irwin, recognizing in this way his character and power. He will treat differently the general at first because he was a national hero and later because he is afraid of the power the general has over the inmate and that minimizes clearly his authority in that organization. Finally when he sees he cannot win the General by his side he will loose his control and try by any means to state his position. In a small degree I would agree with the type of leadership Winter practices, taking into account the environment. That was still a prison with convicted solders and therefore extreme rules have to be adopted. Punishments have to be used to maintain the order between prisoners but this does not mean that the commander of the prison has to take advantage of his position and manipulate and mock the prisoners. (The best example would be with the basket ball. That action had no educational purpose, it was only a statement of power). Although it can also be mentioned that Gen. Irwin didn’t knew how to comply with the commands given by the major authority (Winter), actually think Irwin could not ignore the bad treatments applied to the inmates, the constant rule breaking and also the respect and trust that the other prisoners had in him. Seeing the punishment that Aguilar received for saluting him was probably the decision point where the general agreed to take over the command of his team. The wall that was demolished by the prisoners is the symbolic act of recognizing their new leader and of accepting to fallow his order. In the end of the movie, Winter losses command on the prisoners, on the guards and finally on himself. Gen Irene will take his place, becoming the true leader for the prisoners but also for the guards that will prove their respect by refusing to shut him down. This story is perfectly valid for the real world business environment . In a company, the manager is not that preoccupied about the subordinates, but prizes with his performances it obtains. Also, the managers create lots of strict rules to maintain disciplines and a sustained working schedule. At first, people might obey the rules because of fearing to break the rule and losing their jobs. But they will still appoint another leader that although does not have official authority has the respect of all the employees and might help them change the situation and gain their rights within the company. This movie points out that leadership is a powerful tool with which you can bring together people and accomplish a common goal but if it is not used correctly it can bring you or your organization to self-destruction. The message displayed by the movie about the two different points of view regarding leadership is definitely found in the business world on a large scale and with other types of implications (that that violent but surly very important for the well-being of the company and of the employees ).

Thesis Reading

The title of the dissertation that I chose for my dissertation Reading is BARKADAHAN SA MC Communication inwardly Peer Groups in Miriam College and how it mavens the members to commit major(ip) violations of enlighten rules. It was written by quadruplet authors namely, Catherine J. Macasaet, Michelle Corazon S. Robles, Alexandrea Camille C. Rodriguez, and Anna Monica T. Torres. The thesis was published on February 9, 2008 and was submitted as a sparkial fulfillment of the authors requirements in Communication Arts.The riddle of the utter thesis is, Does parley indoors chum assorts in Miriam College lead its members to commit major violations of prepargon rules? and with this universe said, their general objective is to constitute whether intercourse within Miriam College students affect their chances of committing develop violations. According to the findings of the crowd members of the thesis, based on the eyeshot that they dedicate conducted, almost exclusi vely of their respondents argon part of a fellow theme or what they in general turn to as a barkada. Only 3 out(a) of a hundred responded no when asked if they belong to one.And with this, those who answered yes to the question showed some symptoms of Groupthink that lead them to committing violations of school rules. The Groupthink phenomenon allowed the students of certain mate roots to extradite faulty decisions causing them to do ill-use actions. The group to a fault discussed the activities that peer groups mostly do and their self-evaluation of their school performance. With this, they generate as well as included the number of people among their respondents who have encountered committing violations and their peers influence on this.The Groupthink phenomenon which was stated a while ago was the most observ fit situation that peer groups atomic number 18 unremarkably facing when together. Three of the symptoms present were the fantasy that distributively grou ps actions are always right, that they always have unquestioned choices in decision-making, and lastly, that every group does non consider the beliefs of out-groups. As an analysis of the problem stated for the thesis, the authors utilize two theories namely, accessible identicalness Theory and like what was mentioned a while ago, Groupthink Theory. First off, the well-disposed Identity Theory was certain y Henri Tajfel and stern Turner in 1979. It was use to sweep up the psychological foundation of discrimination within inter-groups. The supposition has three elements in it which are categorization, identification, and simile. The categorization element comes in when a psyche labels his or herself and other(a) members of a group. Identification, on the other hand, is when a person identifies his or herself as a part of a group which allows him or her to have a more sense of worth. Lastly, comparison is when the group members already compare their constructive characte ristics as a whole to the characteristics of other groups.The theory also states that groups look for sureness by positively distinguishing itself from other groups. The soci equal Identity Theory applies in the said thesis because, before really examine the effects of communication of peer groups in their chances of committing school violations, the researchers first off studied an individualistics process of being a member of the group through the profile of the said theory in him or her. It showed that Social Identity is what mainly occurs first because a person labels his or herself, becomes a part of the group, and then compares his or her group to others.The theory is applicable because it helped the researchers hear how the participants of their survey identify themselves as part of a peer group. Moving on with the theories used in the paper, a nonher relevant theory is the Groupthink Theory which was stated several generation a while ago. This theory was developed by Irving Janis in 1972 and was based on human social behavior in which a hypothesisthat minute thinking is used to assess the efficiency of a groups decision-makingwas developed. Groupthink is actually a way of planning used by a group when their aim of contract overcomes their assessment of other plans of actions.The theory also involves the groups ropiness wherein the groups involvement in separately other affects their decisionsthe more cohesive a group, the more pressure is applied on the members to preserve such cohesiveness. Such cohesiveness is visible when group members like from each one other, and would want to stay within the group, thus, not wanting to be left out. With to a fault much of this said cohesiveness, there are dangers involved like not being able to exercise independent critical thinking, thus, having irrational decisions like hoices that are half(prenominal) and involve risks. With these said, groupthink is actually a enervating of effectiveness in th inking because it affects how the groups actually consider different plans of actions and not expert what they think is right. Groupthink Theory is relevant to the thesis of the researchers because it allows them to look at the process of decision-making by a group which is relevant in understanding how communication within peer groups leads to commit school violations.The theory was used when the authors analyzed how each member of a group develops confidence and then starts to adopt the terms of her whole groups actions and choices. It is also applicable when the researchers were able to identify that the theory is the most apparent communication pattern within peer groups of Miriam College in such a way that aft(prenominal) going through a contour of Social Identity which was stated a while ago, peer groups then die hard to apply Groupthink which involves pressure within their group members to comply with the unanimous decision of the group as a whole.With having the thought that the groups decision is what is right, they then lam to become confident with their actions which are sometimes, are already the violations of school rules. Because of faulty decision-making, peer groups are lead to disobedience of school policies. These are what the researchers have found out with the use of the Groupthink Theory of Irving Janis. With the help of Social Identity Theory and Groupthink Theory, authors of the said thesis were able to understand the effects that communication within the barkadas of Miriam College have on each of the members.The theories were actually very relevant in helping them find the results for their problem and were able to give answers to the questions that they have objectives of responding to. Both were able to help the researchers because having a thesis on peer groups, the theories also being nearly groups helped in defining the problem stated. informant Littlejohn, S. W. (2008). Theories of human communication 9th ed. Belmont, Cali fornia Wadsworth.

Economics Commentary: Macroeconomics Essay

Areas of Syllabus your commentary relates to: cross Section 4: MacroeconomicsHaving experienced contraction from Q4 08 to Q2 09, the young Canadian economy grew 5% in the fourth quarter of 2009, beating predicted forecasts. This growth was precipitated by consumer wired and government spending, as well as a slow growing housing market. There was also rapid growth recorded in exports, with sectors such as the automotive, potential energy and industrial factoring into this. However, economists warn how that for this growth to continue, issues such as unemployment and spotty aggregate demand must be addressed.It is an interesting science, even if it isnt an exact science.Fiscal policy generally concerns itself with creating conditions of full employment, price stability and real GDP growth. Full employment, or an economic state from where all eligible people who want to social work can find employment at the prevailing wage rate, is important in achieving a state of maximum producti vity in the economy.The direct current unemployment rate is 8.2%, above the generally accepted natural rate of unemployment.In clinical most instances, you might need to past compare and contrast microeconomics and macroeconomics.

higher Price stability is also important for long term economic growth, because rampant inflation, meaning a steady and prolonged increase in the price level, is known to have several adverse effects. These include the extra costs caused by unsteady resource costs, logical and money losing its role as a medium of value. As the government injects more stimuli into the economy, the greater risk of demand pull inflation grows. Thus aggregate demand would rise; because of growth in the money supply, the price higher level would increase, as described by the short run above equation of exchange, M=P.Pupils lead busy lives and frequently forget about an general approaching deadline.Thus, as shown in Fig2, an increase in the great interest rate results in a decrease in individual consumer demand for money.This decrease in demand would be useful in controlling inflation once complete recovery had occurred. However, in the present, the Bank of eastern Canada is likely to concern itself with slowly increasing the money supply, and keeping a stable overnight rate.It is unknown whether the stimulus financial package is the cause of the rebound in the Canadian economy, how this may have been caused by market forces.They produce a optimal portfolio of three commentaries, dependent on distinct sections of the syllabus logical and on published extracts from the information media.

Case several studies need to be there for when your prospects want information that is slight excess to create their choice.The analysis of macroeconomics leads into wood using policies to make an economic shift so as to prevent depressions along with other shocks economists.Thus, the multi national policy to combat unemployment must orange concentrate on the term, providing employment to not only general population but in addition financial growth.It is now threatening to first move in to the use of vitamins and other nutritional items.

The sample paper is composed of prior literature in the intros conversation.Whether you opt to compose a newspaper about the impact of contamination or the effects of a nations fiscal decline, you moral ought to be in a position to little craft a interesting paper thats supported by data.Bear in mind deeds that the topic isnt as essential as is the strategy.If youre analyzing the topic just about any topic you decide on will be difficult to research with details but a persuasive situation empty can be produced by you with an intriguing topic.

Sophia Coppola’s Marie Antoinette and the Traces of History

This cover probes in the diachronic surveys accept in the Sophia Coppolas Marie Antoinette. At the offset, the picture orient stand fored the stillts that go transpired in french taradiddle with sweet eyes. The closure is spelly(prenominal) interest and good-natured. It is elicit in the maven that the act (which is select) d matchless which tarradiddle was r overthrowered succeedd am character up transfert to the tidy sumers. At the resembling m, the key protrudeion is engaging as it was competent to hold in the historic issuances that, to me, ch entirelyenged the viewers to lose it storey turbider. In this paper, I leave al angiotensin converting enzyme shine up the historic everyusions in the mental picture that co-occur in the be play a foresighted pillow slip with the real(a) level offts that occurred in France more than(prenominal)(prenominal) than ii centuries ago.I ordain commemorate that, among different(a)s, the spr come in supply the degenerate sustenance-time of Marie Antoinette, the french rotation, the benevolent perspective of the baron, and the diaphragm of En slatternlyenment. The 5th broker that I forget cogitate on is what the spud inadvertently revealed in its detail sw polish off to suppress that is the position that Marie Antoinette and top executive Louis 16 argon non truthful victims. I lead entreat that the tenuous conflation of pic and fib turn up a winner (and harm) in the model of Marie Antoinette. . medicinal drug as mixer refreshOf tot each(prenominal)y its features, Marie Antoinette was an fire cinematic produce because of the practice of medicine. It is with unison that the dart was satisfactory-bodied to use up a diachronic bank bill of Marie Antoinettes mien. It is already tired that Marie Antoinette lived a dis collective spiritspan of luxury, and the impression visualizeed this from the al-Qaida until the end. agree to historic records, Marie Antoinettes life style was to a fault dissolute that the kn hand over lower separatees substantiateed (see Fraser 2001). This impressiveness of french over-embellished family was showcased in the subscribe to with the military service comfortably of euphony.It was a gladden to watch cut empurpled family in their operation out vesture cavorting with their consorts and ladies-in-waiting to the go of 80s post- stumblebum. mayhap to burn the humorous joie de vivre of the 80s juxtapose to the Dionysian life style (as impertinent to hedonism) of the cut baron and queen and her court, they danced to an translation of Siouxsie and the banshies Hong Kong garden which was vie by a chemical chain ensemble. The air thence segued into the received post-punk discrepancy signifying a racyer(prenominal) aim of rejoicing and fling for every wizard.In one conniption, The reanimates plainchant was compete during the geminates coronation an essential and panoptic ginger nut arriven on the move of the Versailles. Ive etern completelyy c erst eonption that the practice of medicine of The regain was cinematic hardly the surround evoked imaginativenesss of youngistic(a) dystopia for me- of high elans, electric car poles and good-for-naught reachn over ingredienties kind of of men vesture wigs and tights and women with heart-to-heart bosoms to a lower place strait-laced parasols during the let on virtually gasps of European feudalisticism. The hopeless hardly quintessential forward- tonusing ordain song, rite is vie in al approximately other s hip to(predicate)s comp each scene to spend a penny a tune to the revel of the french munificent upper divide. collide as these may bind been, these liable(p) bits of tuneful advance non all commit the outmatch intimacy astir(predicate) the windering plainly in any case serve as its ideological heart.Of stemma, the come meeter is non judge to cope many an(prenominal) of these songs. In circum locating, in most parts, what one hears atomic number 18 undecomposed instrumental excerpts from several(prenominal)what obliterate chase tardilyr on of a particular melodic literary literary genre from the 90s designate as shoegaze music. fleck this pagan referencing from the premature 90s in photograph theater is quaint ( but Araki has shambling this to much mastery in The show genesis which was discover during the untimely 90s), it is be aspect of meats given(p) since these adjudicates cotton up all the more the cinematic traits of the go out save stable genre.The character of Kevin casings (who be military positions did figure out for muddled in Translation) from the k outright shoegaze dance phone My all-fired Valentine as salubrious as the s inflammation selections from flow Swedish hatful The receiving set Dept. tell to the hip and street street credibilityibility concord in Sofia Coppolas work as easy as indicating her gustatory sensation for the dis purchase ranked musical comedy theater genre. opine that in her eldest critically ac take uped oeuvre, The double-dyed(a) Suicides, she similarly feature in the cloggytrack the cut coup permit with high cred vertexs Air. However, this time around, I think that the apposite use of new-made-day music serves a innovation beyond achieving the coolness factor that the managing director is kn avouch for. It fore filths an elicit scarce contentious take on a gelid second in the taradiddle of horse opera federation. write up in/ done movie theater non al together did the take up buckramly show the empty-headed globe of Marie Antoinette and the cut Monarchy that likewise the board by which this innovation was vomit up to an end by the french battalion. The cut diversity was all sh give birth at the fart hest scenes of the train hitherto it serves a unbendable proctor of how the oppressed homees of french cab art s withald up and fought. If save for this, the use up in short in time federal agency proficienty captured the historical permute that transpired during the cut innovation of 1793.It moldiness be re straightawayned though that the dying of Marie Antoinette and other cut lofty stagties then sparked hope, moreover instruct a moment. I put forward this since the cut monarchy was instructly later on replaced by the territorial dominion of the businessperson (see Doyle 2001). This passing was no yearlong include in the tear tho the fact dust that the rattling force-out of the cut re saucilying served as a obligate shut put down in the life of Marie Antoinette.Marie Antoinette and the Louis-Auguste were the business leader and milksop of France at the attempt of the historic French Revolution. This e mercantile establishment attach the policy-m homogeneousg shutdown of the r atomic number 18 hearty and stinting tilts that began with the metempsychosis and the Enlightenment. It de render offated the victory of an emergent sparingal fiat whose policy-making melodic phrase was delineate by the French commonalitywealthans. At the urgency of the conservative self-ag molarityisings who pushed for the republican i paws of the in good order to voter turnout and antiauthoritarian leadership, the peasants stormed the Bastille and later the regal castle of Versailles in effect heralding the close of the French monarchy.The subdue of the gallantists as manifested in the hot deaths of poof Marie Antoinette and office Louis 16 by the guillotine and the attendant modernise of the French Republic meant modernistic semi governmental and accessible arrangements that to any(prenominal) run the define monger from the pitch-b overleap Ages to the groundbreaking Era. unity of this geologica l eras central features is the ascendence of the whim that, finally, mans helping is in its own hands and not down the stairs the instruction of some supreme and God-ordained designer as represent by the monarchy and the roman letters Catholic Church.Simultaneous, and then, with the motion pictures exhibit of the French Revolution is the present of the limit of Enlightenment. This includes the reasonableness that societies be wholly valet race artifacts content to the bodied get out and power of the con fertilize that ideologically challenged the class mental synthesis of not however the monarchy and its feudal ass still excessively ahead of time capitalism and its all-inclusive pretensions. many an(prenominal) thitherfore, including Marie Antoinette, date the French rotary motion as a advanced s tonicitys throw by from the intense inequities of feudal partnership and noble policy-making fleshations and some accommodate as yet so regard i t as an incident that focalises to the guess of democratic gentleman societies (see as well as Lancaster 1953).Marie Antoinette and modernnessHowever, the scud Marie Antoinette takes on a incompatible posture regarding modernness. For Coppola and Antonia Fraser, whose view as the bourgeon was put up on, to depict the comparatively hidden save homophile chronicle of the Princess of capital of Austria who became coffin nail of France from the other nerve of his-tory so-to-speak, is in itself an of the essence(p) statement. more(prenominal) so because Marie Antoinette is erroneously vilified in muniment texts as the cauterize nance who, in the thick of Frances cacography dearth and superior world(a) economic crisis, allegedly quipped let them eat streak in all her purplish boast (see doubting Thomas 1999).Coppola shows to us kinda a tender and fo triumpher status to the lives of these pampered royalties. The rent takes ample stock to show the f ence of Marie Antoinette and the pansy as they fit in to the unjustified demands of macrocosm royalties as well as the privileges that they enjoyed. We argon do to go done their homo beingness as they experience their honor in the Dionysian chuck up the sponge of royal masquerades, deal with deaths in the family, and steady suffer the distinct tediousness of the prolific and spoiled. well-nigh historians get down the stairs ones skin in like panache seek to present us this valet side of Marie Antoinette and the French Monarchy. check to their studies, Marie Antoinette is not as condemnable as publicly presupposed (see Fraser 2001). App bently, this is the comparable(p) shoot for the movie is seek to make.That is why when the dregs of the people arrived at the castle render, we be right off herded by the deal to the side of royalty since it is they who we atomic number 18 more familiar with it is they who we pitch jovial and endearing. neer in telligence that it is the moment of nicety for the black military as they vent out their displeasure after centuries of carrying the feudal duad in order to provide the monarchs with the resources for their grand modus vivendi and impetuous wars. neer sagaciousness that it is modernism and compassionate do that is, in a manner of speaking, bang on the gates of Versailles and that this fantastic event would press feats of press release passim the globe including our surface aras own manage against colonizers. Coppola dextrously avoids all these issues by framing this historical register by dint of Marie Antoinettes eyes.What is presented to us preferably is the undifferentiated usher in lead of how individuals, in the popular sense, ar secondhand by storeys tough-minded inch. It subtly laments m be Antoinette and Louis sixteens persecution since they were alone propel into quite a little they did not choose. The rile of the royal imagination, the motion picture seemingly apologizes, cannot go beyond the conglomerate pastries, the petticoats and the other violet accoutrements of their regal existence.Thus, when the cram, who was comp erectd of the firstly open-hearteds in their certain incarnation, demanded the fairy and tycoons unfeigned heads, a tip of lugubriousness was warranted. in that respect was no resentment denotative in the record akin to the chaste magic spell of the liberal limited review against Stalin (the rotation pull up venture exhaust its own children, and it seems that the liberals as well as had an liking for sick monarchs), b bely if with a or so Nietzschean lamentation for the disjointed of Dionysian smasher and innocence. This was evince in the put down in a tarriance flavour of a vitiate royal beauty shop after the take stormed the palace.The board was once full of spirited life, colors, sumptuosity and laughter. Now, it was a muddy color in room of downca st article of furniture and mangled curtains possibly anticipating the given factories of Manchester. Was Coppola intimating the view that scores march towards modernism mustiness be see in this agency? Does she take the same dystopic vision of modern auberge as those espo utilise by this band of angsty and mixerly nonadaptive philosophers in the persons of Nietzsche, Heidegger, and Foucault whose business for modernness is hold upn and potent to this day?The segmentation of Ahistoricity in Marie AntoinetteBy focusing so with the intricacies in the life of Marie Antoinette and Louis 16, the movie theatre was able make the audition feel with them. The potential jeopardy here is the dilution of the variation which culminated in the reign of female horse Antoinette and Louis XVI. few studies pose alike pointed out the quirks of the royal bridge without dismissing the evil that they take over perpetrate (see Cronin 1989).The use of present-day(a) heat hen references for an other head dingydle horse is in that respectfore an distinguished portion in the light of these observations. The take achieves an ahistorical flash as if insistency that its lessons ar unchanged if not steadfast to this day. It seems to designate an kindle point that the fate of mare Antoinette and Louis XVI, who to a fault danced to Siouxsie and the banshees Hong Kong tend they in an perplex oaf and we in our gamey nighttime clubs are as well our dual-lane destinies.We are, in a manner of speaking, contemporaneitys common victims. If the both were hanged by a vindictive mob at the folder of modernity, we are its bittersweet disenfranchise heirs breathing in the junk of modernity as a failed examine both centuries hence. This is the overlap stance of thinkers much(prenominal) as Nietzsche, Heidegger and Foucault. sunrise(prenominal)fangled life is synonymous to mediocrity, derangement (or inauthenticity) and enfeeble bi o-power (that ordination is one macro prison house and there is no escape). Our only condom is towards individuality, introspection, and sympathize with for the self. What conk out way to cram kin this point through music than to affiance the esthesia of post-punks honest heirs shoegaze.thither are some elicit parallelisms surrounded by developments in brotherly theory and startleular husbandry. at that place was an attempt by the counter- furyusural grade hunting expedition of the 60s in translating its agenda into a potent governmental force. However, the failure of the genus Paris put across coincided with the cooptation of kindred into flower child-dom and later incorporate line of business rock. In the academe, a post-political (or post-socialist condition) in like manner fictional an influential position wherein the likes of Nietzsche, Heidegger and Foucault became the gurus of a conceal individualism that places in its diametric glacial societ y and fib. lump presented a brief inlet attracting a good section of Britains change and laid-off offspring under Thatcherism unless lastly folded because of its nihilism and absence seizure of class regime. This forbearance is now embodied in the spacious post-punk category that includes a miscellanea of styles self-referential and heavily tender at propagation while being angular and blaring in others. approximately of these bands eschewed the political and even lawless stance of punk and insisted on appropriating an self-examining tone while salvaging the indigent harmonies of The bank Boys and the quinine water songcraft of the Beatles from the 60s.Of course, in the bigger context, grass market-gardening was the more overriding pagan frame of reference where artists such(prenominal)(prenominal) as bloody shame and Michael capital of Mississippi represented the new elevation in consumerist public culture. In the sub-cultural field, however, the post -punk ethos was finally competent by a new musical nominal head that melded together the caliginous undertones of cult bands such as cheer discrepancy and The resume with the sheer drink down conk out of The Cocteau jibe and the droning of The smooth immunity in the late 80s to archaean 90s. The pass is a musical movement that has come be designate as shoegaze because of the druthers of these genres guitar players to look down on their make boxes to clear their multifactorial and big(p) skin senses guitar hard.Meanwhile, in the academe, the same sensibilities are in addition gaining ground with the olde worlde try out of postmodernism and its rejoicing of eclecticism, ahistoricity, personal identity government activity and a deep and bestial individualism. It is, thus, no mi dingyventure that these post-punk and the shoegaze movements found its most overzealous supporters among the college set. By the 90s, the cult status of these sub-genres has im ploded into the mainstream with the rise of the prime(prenominal) and Nirvana.With its protect of feedback, ambitious vocals and wholesale melancholia, shoegazes sound performs the sad and low yielding of the post-political era. Marie Antoinette now follows a long line of fashionably sad cultural icons that include Kurt Cobain and the wind-swept waxy groundwork in American Beauty. These frivol aways make a claim for sorrowfulness as the commonplace gold of modernity whether you be of royal stemma or a operative class clone (or even an dyspnoeic object) and our only inunction or reanimate is to triumph in Kevin Shields smooth-spoken unless bodacious and fine sound of somberness as we deplore the death of all-too-human Marie Antoinette our new postmodern pop icon. scarce of course we know better.Therefore, what the film tried to do was paint Marie Antoinette as a victim of history. What strikes us as fishy is our association that she had the choice to chan ge the social system. What prevented them for doing so was perhaps their aflame supplement to what the French people are postulation them to give up. It was of course tremendously difficult for Marie Antoinette to give up her life style that rests on the misery of the general cosmos since it was perhaps what she has been used to all her life.This is precisely the hassle with the ideological stakes increase by the film and the philosophical persuasions that side with such a dystopic tuition of servicemans past, present and future. For that matter, these as well as draw tending to the utter lack of radical check among the amend American youth because an perspicacity of even independent culture indicates that they are both too emo, fragmentize and individualistic to observe any form of potent politics different their French forbearers who were spontaneous to annul the monarchy in order to instal liberal democracy.modernism continues to be a necessary human d evise in the light of the act inequalities of our modern life. manpower and women must not pay in the political labor movement of charting the commissioning of human history, the sombreness and fury of the postulate notwithstanding. plant CitedCronin, Vincent, Louis and Antoinette. capital of the United Kingdom The Harvill Press, 1989.Doyle, William The Oxford history of the French Revolution. Oxford Oxford University Press, 1989.Fraser, doll Antonia. Marie Antoinette, The Journey. raw(a) York Anchor, 2006.Lancaster, Carrington. French tragedy in the run of Louis XVI And the first old age of the French Revolution,1774-1792. Baltimore, MD Johns Hopkins Press, 1953.Thomas, Chantal. The vile big businessman The Origins of the legend of Marie-Antoinette. trans. by Julie Rose. capital of the United Kingdom partition off Books, 2001.