Dress Shop

Name of the Enterprise The business name â€Å"Wedlock Trends† will display a wedding dress shop that will offer the latest and the hottest styles of wedding apparel of the season. Location The location of the business is at Door 4, 500 Gabaton Building, Elpidio Quirino Avenue, Davao City. The commercial space measures 5Ãâ€"14 sq. The space will be rented at P12, 000/month, exclusive of water and electricity expenses. The area is a perfect spot for a wedding dress shop for it is easy to find since it is located in the main road. Aside from that, the area is filled with office buildings, inns, schools, and other business entities nearby.Descriptive Definition of the Product Wedlock Trends shall cater to the needs of grooms and brides in a comfortable and relaxed setting. In its warm and intimate setting, the Wedlock Trends’ friendly and knowledgeable bridal consultants are available to help in finding everything that they need for their upcoming wedding. We offer bridal dresses and all the accessories as well as fashions required for the rest of the bridal party. Project’s Long-Range Objectives Wedlock Trends has been created with one main objective: to provide the bride with the ultimate experience in finding the perfect wedding dress!In 2016, Wedlock Trends will create tie-ups with the prominent photo studio and flower shop here in Davao. It will be convenient for our clients for they don’t have to waste their time searching for quality photos and videos as well as fresh and beautifully arranged flowers. Wedlock Trends will expand and cater other occasions as well. Elegant night gowns, classic dresses, up-to-date men’s suit, and a lot more will be added to our collection for parties, debuts, and other significant events. By doing such, it is expected that the number of employees in every department will be increased as well as the machineries used in the process.Feasibility Criteria The most important guidelines used to judg e the feasibility of the project is its marketing aspect and financial aspect. The marketing aspect tells what the project is all about, who the target market is, when is the perfect time to open the business, where is it located, and how is it going to compete with its competitors. It is also where the demand and supply analysis is, which will be a great criterion. The financial aspect provides the data that shows the projects profitability. It is important to know if the project is attainable, feasible, and profitable.Highlights Of The Project History Many young girls dream about what kind of wedding dress they’d like to wear on their special day so we have thought of creating a project that will certainly be desired by our target market. It’s a business that caters not only the needs of a soon-to-be couples but one that fulfills their dreams, to have a unique and remarkable wedding. This is an amazing business which has developed a strong, distinctive and individual identity with a reputation for both quality and service – very profitable business.This is a delightful business with bridal gowns to suit every style of wedding. It is fantastic opportunity to own a money making business in a very up-market industry. This business is not just a business, it is a life style choice with plenty of fashion. This very good business opportunity provides bridal wear, stocked with a superb range of designer wedding gowns, bridal accessories include jewelry, tiaras, stationery, gifts, to compliment any wedding reception which is excellent for add-on purchases. This is a business opportunity to own and grow a dynamic business .This is an amazing opportunity for someone who just wants to literally wants to jump straight in and continue the exceptional success achieved. It is a business opportunity that is highly profitable and offers great potential whether h global, national or local aspect. Project Time Table and Status The project is expected to be operational by May 2014. For now, thorough studies and research are being done to carefully analyze its standing once we enter the market. Nature of the Industry The wedding gown industry is one that is made up of multiple smaller enterprises like caterers, wedding consultants, dresses, various eauty suppliers (hair, makeup), photographers, favors/bridesmaids gifts, music, honeymoon related, etc. While the industry as a whole represents a lot of money, each of the component parts is much smaller — some smaller than others. These smaller composite suppliers can be very local and likely will be small and privately owned. Mode of Financing The source of funds of Wedlock Trends that will be used to put up the business is from the contributions of the four (4) persons who will be the owner of the dress shop.Each shall contribute P625, 000 for a total of P2, 500, 000. 00. A cash contribution is better than bank loans for it has a lower risk and high interest cost which will result to lower income. Investment Cost The funds allocated for this project is P2, 500, 000. 00. The proponents have agreed to form a partnership wherein four (4) persons merge to contribute for the capitalization of Wedlock Trends, with the intention of dividing the profits among themselves. Major assumptions and summary of findings and conclusion on the following: Market FeasibilityIn our Market Study, we identify who will be our customers, suppliers, and competitor as well as the number of demand that we will gain in the succeeding years. In our data of demand analysis the first year show lesser number of demands, it is because Wedlock Trends is new to the market and customers do not know the business yet. The succeeding years shows the increasing number of demand, it is because Wedlock Trends formulated a marketing program which to have a flyers, posters and streamers printing for the customer to be aware about the existing of the business. Technical FeasibilityWedlock Trends is a cl othing business designed to make wedding gowns, barongs, tuxedo’s and cocktail dresses. The business offer readymade dresses aside from made to order and customize clothes. The supply is high; there are many companies who supply such equipment. Financial Feasibility The Wedlock Trend Dress Shoppe shows an income statement of the cash flows the cash receipts such as profit, salary, capital and so on has an increase every year. It means that the business gaining a profit. For the balance sheet, there is also an increase and the total assets and the total liabilities and owners’ equity is well balance.For the ratio analysis, the profit ratio has an average of 41. 26% means there is a profit of . 43. For the payback capital computation, there is 2. 21, means the capital of the business can be recovered within 2 years. Socio-economic Feasibility The number of Wedding dress shop in Metro Davao is rapidly increasing. The more competition, the better it is for the market, beca use innovation, better products and service will be present. These industries will affect the economy as a whole on a much more scale. It gives employment to those who seeks job. Management FeasibilityThe structure of the business begins with the four (4) persons/partners who are also the owners of the business. The manager will handle the sales, manufacturing and service aspects of the business. In terms of salary scale, the manager will be compensated with minimum wage and the other employees are below the minimum wage. MARKET STUDY Clothing is a beautiful visual demonstration of the social and emotional needs of people wearing it. It also portrays in a clearly understood visual manner, what people of different cultures and styles want socially.Fashion, through times, has gone through so many rapid changes and bizarre extremes that it has examples of nearly every kind of clothing function, especially when it comes to wedding attires. The range of Filipino wedding dresses is remark ably wide, according to the vast cultures, geographical differences, purchasing capacities, influence of the western culture, and bewildering diversities of the ethnic groups. One has, therefore, to sift and isolate, and then relate and bring together, the ideas for creating various designs, which can fit in the context of theFilipino style, conservative, elegant yet still in trend. When it comes to the most special day of a couple’s life, we like to make a personal effort to make it all that it can be. The business will be a full-service wedding dress shop catering to customers who are searching for reasonable quality products at affordable prices. Our main focus will be quality in every process right from buying stuff, raw material selection, designer selection, stitching till the delivery of product to final customer in order to fulfill our goal of customer satisfaction.We will be providing standardized products as well as customized dresses according to ones needs. Geogra phical areas of dispersion The location of the business is at Door 4, 500 Gabaton Building, Elpidio Quirino Avenue, Davao City. The commercial space measures 5Ãâ€"14 sq. The rental price is P12, 000. 00 per month, exclusive of water and electricity expenses. Our Competitors are the Wedding Glamour, Wedding Channel, Wedding Avenue, and Knot’s Forever. Target Market The scope of our wedding dress shop is the people living within Metro Davao with a population of 1,449,296 (National Statistics Office, 2010).To be specific, most of the target market will be composed of couples of ages 18 years old and above, teenagers and young adults in high school and college, and young professionals, who belong to the middle and upper class. The middle class customers are those who have moderate income and have the capability to purchase products and services with high quality. The upper class customers are those who have high income and have the capability to purchase product and services wit h high quality, and look for luxury. Target Market |Age |Population | |Couples |18 – 64 years old |635,412 | |Teenagers |13 – 18 years old |255, 465 | |Young Adults |20 – 24 years old |117,083 | |Young Professionals 25 – 34 years old |186, 691 | |Walk-ins |18 – 64 years old |635,412 | Demand Analysis Projection of the number of the products to be sold. PRODUCTS |Year 1 |Year 2 |Year 3 |Year 4 |Year 5 | | | | |Bridal Gown |– inclusive headdress, 2nd veil, cord, (2) cushions, pouch bag | |Grooms’ Barong |– pinya jusi with embroidery (free makeup) | |Whole Entourage |(1) maid of honor, (3) bridesmaids, (3) flower girls | | |(1) best man barong, (3) groomsmen barongs, | | |(3) bearers (ring, coin, bible) | |Parents’ outfits of the couple |- parents of the couple | | |free pictures | |Bronze Special Package = P 20,000. 00 | | |Bridal Gown |– inclusive headdress, 2nd veil, cord, (2) cushions, pouch bag | | |free ma ke up | |Grooms’ Barong |– pinya jusi with embroidery (free makeup) |Whole Entourage |(1) maid of honor, (3) bridesmaids, (3) flower girls | | |(1) best man barong, (3) groomsmen barongs, | | |(3) bearers (ring, coin, bible) | |Parents’ outfits of the couple |- parents of the couple | | |free pictures | | |free video CD of the wedding | |Gold Special Package = P 30,000. 0 | | |Bridal Gown |– inclusive headdress, 2nd veil, cord, (2) cushions, pouch bag | | |free gown and make up | |Grooms’ Barong |– pinya jusi with embroidery (free makeup) | | |free male perfume | |Whole Entourage |(1) maid of honor, (3) bridesmaids, (3) flower girls | | |(1) best man barong, (3) groomsmen barongs, | | |(3) bearers (ring, coin, bible) | |Parents’ outfits of the couple |- dress & suits for the parents of the couple | | |free pictures | | |free video CD of the wedding | |Diamond Special Package = P 50,000. 0 | | |Bridal Gown |– inclusive head dress, 2nd veil, cord, (2) cushions, pouch bag | | |free gown, make up, bouquet | |Grooms’ Barong |– pinya jusi with embroidery (free makeup) | | |free male perfume | |Whole Entourage |(1) maid of honor, (3) bridesmaids, (3) flower girls | | |(1) best man barong, (3) groomsmen barongs, | | |(3) bearers (ring, coin, bible) | |Parents’ outfits of both couple |- dress & suits for the parents of the couple | | |free pictures with album | | |free video CD of the wedding | | |free picture publicity on Mindanao Daily Mirror | Competitor’s Analysis |Name of Competitor |Products/Services |Location |Store Hours | |Wedding Glamour |Gown & Entourage Package: |Door 1 Gahol Bldg. , E Quirino|9:00 – 5:00pm | | |1 Bridal Gown w/ accessories |Ave. , Davao City | | | |1 Groom Attire | | | |1 Maid of Honor Gown | | | | |3 Bridesmaid Gowns | | | | |3 Flower Girl Gowns w/ basket | | | | |1 Bestman Barong | | | | |3 Groomsmen Barong/Tuxedo | | | | |3 Bearer’s B arong/Tuxedo | | | | |2 Mother Dress | | | | |2 Father Barong | | | |Wedding Avenue |Gown & Entourage Package: |Front of Dep-Ed, E. Quirino |9:00 – 5:00pm | | |1 Bridal Gown w/ accessories |Ave. | | | |1 Groom Attire |Davao City | | | |1 Maid of Honor Gown | | | | |3 Bridesmaid Gowns | | | | |3 Flower Girl Gowns w/ basket | | | | |1 Bestman Barong | | | | |3 Groomsmen Barong/Tuxedo | | | | |3 Bearer’s Barong/Tuxedo | | | | |2 Mother Dress | | | | |2 Father Barong | | | |Wedding Channel |Gown & Entourage Package: |E.Quirino Avenue, Davao City| | | |1 Bridal Gown w/ accessories | | | | |1 Groom Attire | | | | |1 Maid of Honor Gown | | | | |3 Bridesmaid Gowns | |8:00 – 5:00pm | | |3 Flower Girl Gowns w/ basket | | | | |1 Bestman Barong | | | | |3 Groomsmen Barong/Tuxedo | | | | |3 Bearer’s Barong/Tuxedo | | | | |2 Mother Dress | | | | |2 Father Barong | | | |Knots Forever |Bridal Package: | | | | |1 Bridal Gown | |8:00 – 5:00pm | | |1 Head Dress |E. Q uirino Avenue, Davao City| | | |1 1st Veil | | | | |1 2nd Veil | | | | |1 Cord | | | | |2 Cushions | | | |1 Groom Barong / Tuxedo | | | | |Entourage: | | | | |1 Maid of Honor Gown | | | | |1 Maid of Honor Head Dress | | | | |3 Bridesmaid Gowns | | | | |3 Flower Girls Gown | | | | |3 Baskets | | | | |1 Best Man | | | | |3 Groomsmen Barong | | | | |3 Bearer’s Barong | | | Marketing Program Our means of advertisements are posters and streams printing, through networking sites, and fashion shows. Posters and Streamers Printing – This can also be a tool for advertising.We can put posters and streamers printing at malls and hotels and restaurants for them to easily recognize our product. Facebook & Multiply – Billions of people, foreign or local are users of Facebook. And these people logs in almost everyday for about an hour or more. Through Facebook and Multiply, it is easier to reach the right audience. It is easy, convenient, and costs no cent. Newspaper Ads â₠¬â€œ The oldest form of advertising is still an effective way to reach a large number of people. These ads can do a lot more than just advertise one item or one sale–each one can work really hard to bring in customers, and then bring them back again and again. They're a good way to reach a large number of people, especially those aged 45-plus who end to read the paper more frequently than younger demographic groups who tend to get their news from television, radio or the internet. And we can target our ads to the appropriate markets by requesting that our ads run in the section(s) that most closely relate to our target audience. MANAGEMENT STUDY Personnel Expertise Wedlock Trends will hire one (1) manager, two (2) sewers, two 2 (cutters), two (2) beaders. The descriptions of hiring employees are the following: |Manager – |Responsible for maintaining the store in order to ensure residents and visitors have access to necessary supplies and| | |accommodations. |Responsibi lities |Maintain customer services and facilities | | |greet customers and provide assistance | | |maintain cleanliness and order in the store | | |Maintain stock, supplies and inventories | | |take inventory | | |order groceries and supplies | | |mark prices on stock | | |restock shelves | | |Maintain accounts | | |record prices in the log book | | |operate the cash register | | |balance cash receipts | | |make deposits | | |record visa and debit accounts | | |maintain a manual general ledger | |Qualifications |Minimum 3 years of retail management experience. More extensive retail experience will be welcomed. Experience in | | |personal computer retail setting is preferred, but not mandatory. | |Must have an interest in fashion and have an eye for art. | | |Strong leadership skills. | | |Ability to effectively teach/develop others to next level. | | |Good merchandising skills and a flair for conceiving and implementing creative merchandising themes. | | |Strong operations exp erience in receiving, stock and inventory as well as front-end management and office management. | | |Ability to organize and prioritize multiple tasks in a fast-paced environment. | | |Strong interpersonal, motivational, communication and organizational skills. | |At least 25 years old | |Sewer – |Sewers cut, trim, sew and design clothing and accessories according to the company or client’s demand | |Responsibilities |Sew, trim and stitch gowns/suits and other tailored products. | | |Draw and design gowns/suits to present to the company or clients | | |Measure client’s vital statistics that will use as a pattern for the clothes. | | |Sew gowns/suits using sewing machine or other stitching machines. | | |Inspect finished product and do finishing touches. | |Hand stitch edges or linings | | |Iron gowns/suits | |Qualifications |Must have taken vocational or short course in tailoring | | |Must have at least 3-5 years experience as a sewer or tailor | | |Knowledg e in sewing, both hand and machine sewing | | |Knowledge and ability on different kinds of stitches and design | | |Knowledge in different kinds of cloths | | |Knowledge and ability to sew in different kinds of clothes. | | |Knowledge in fashion designing is a plus | | |Knowledge and ability to design wearable and appealing gowns/suits | | |Ability to use sewing machines. | |Pattern Cutter – |Pattern cutters create templates for the kinds of patterns that will be used in clothing lines, based on illustrated | | |designs created by the design department of the fashion company. |Responsibilities |Cut fabrics or textiles | | |Adjust cutting techniques to types of fabrics and styles of garments. | | |Adjust machine controls, such as heating mechanisms, tensions, and/or speeds to produce specified products. | | |Inspect products to ensure that specifications are met and to determine whether machines require adjustment. | | |Operate machines to cut multiple layers of fabric int o parts | |Qualifications |Must have an interest in fashion and have an eye for art. | |Must have good analytical skills | | |Must be computer literate | | |Must be able to work quickly | |Beader – |Beaders are responsible of putting beads and sequins on bridal gowns for accent. | |Responsibilities |Puts beads and sequins on gowns | | |Inspect products to ensure that specifications are met and to determine whether machines require adjustment. | |Qualifications |Must have an interest in fashion and have an eye for art. | |Preferably with 3 years experience in custom-made formal wear | | |With good moral character and working habit | Working Salaries and Benefits Below are the salaries and benefits of the employees. |PERSONNEL |PHILHEALTH |SSS |TOTAL | |Manager |P 301. 00 every quarter |P 225. 00 per month |P 9,030. 00 per month-based on minimum P 301. 0| | | | |daily | |Sewer |P 205. 00 every quarter |P 125. 00 per month |P 4,400. 00 per month | |Cutter | | | | |Beader | | | | |NOTE: |The sewers, cutters, and beaders are not based on minimum wages because they are not yet regulars. | Organizational ChartThe organizational chart of Wedlock Trends shows the structure of an organization and the relationships and relative ranks of its parts and positions/jobs. As a starting business, Wedlock Trends involve few personnel/staff. The manager assumes the leadership roles within the company and will be responsible for the daily operation, over-seeing marketing efforts, buying merchandise, managing inventory and all other administrative duties. The other staffs will assist the owner with assisting the customers and the sewers, cutters, beaders to maintain the dress will be good quality to the customers. Gantt Chart Below is the calendar of activities of Wedlock Trends. OOperating Activities | |Activities | |Activities | |Particulars |Quantity |Price |Acquisition Value | |Bridal Fabric (local) |5 rolls |125/m |P 34,375. 00 | |Bridal Fabric (imported) |3 rolls |395/m |65,175. 00 | |Bridal Lace (local) |5 rolls |280/m |77,000. 00 | |Bridal Lace (imported) |3 rolls |550/m |90,750. 00 | |Pants/Slacks Fabrics |5 rolls |145/m |39,875. 0 | |Dress/Gown (local) |5 rolls |55/m |15,125. 00 | |Dress/Gown (imported) |3 rolls |120/m |19,800. 00 | |Barong |5 rolls |108/m |29,700. 00 | |Tuxedo |5 rolls |125/m |34,375. 00 | |Buttons |5 kilos |250/k |1,250. 0 | |Beads and Sequins |5 kilos |300/k |1,500. 00 | |Embroidery Threads |5 boxes |360/b |1,800. 00 | |Embroidery Threads |4 boxes |1320/b |5,280. 00 | |Needle Book (kit) |5 boxes |6. 50 |32. 50 | |Sewing Thread |8 boxes |206. 5/b |1,651. 60 | |Zipper |8 rolls |33 |264. 00 | |Tape Measure |5pcs |4 |20. 00 | |Yard Stick |5pcs |22. 75 |113. 75 | |Garter |7 rolls |315/r |2,205. 00 | |TOTAL | |P 420, 291. 85 | | Office Materials | |Particular |Quantity |Price Per Unit |Acquisition Value | |Stapler |2 |P 120. 00 |P 240. 00 | |Scissors |3 |55. 00 |165. 00 | |Calculator |2 |390. 00 |780. 0 | |thumbtacks |4 |10. 00 |40. 00 | |TOTAL | | |P 1,225. 00 | |Office Supplies | |Particular |Quantity |Price Per Unit |Acquisition Value | |Long Coupon Bond |1 ream |P 168. 00 |P 168. 0 | |Short Coupon Bond |1 ream |158. 00 |158. 00 | |Pencils |15 pcs |6. 00 |90. 00 | |Pens |10 pcs |7. 00 |70. 00 | |Staples |5 boxes |15. 00 |75. 00 | |Folders |50 pcs |6. 00 |300. 0 | |Paper Clips |1 box |25. 00 |25. 00 | |Fastener |1box |35. 00 |35. 00 | |Record Book |1 pcs |89. 00 |89. 00 | |Binder Aids |1 box |32. 00 |32. 00 | |Adhesive tape |2pcs |22. 0 |44. 00 | |TOTAL | | |P 1,086. 00 | Machineries and Equipment |Machine | |Particulars |Quantity |Price |Life |Acquisition Value |Annual Depreciation | |Sewing Machine |3 |P 8,995. 00 |5 |P 26,985. 00 |P 5,397. 0 | |Embroidery Machine |2 |12,300. 00 |5 |24,600. 00 |4,920. 00 | |TOTAL | | | | |P 10,317. 00 | II – Equipment |Equipment | |Particular |Quantity |Price |Life |Acquisition Value |Annual Depreciation | |Computer Set |1 |P 25,000. 0 |5 |P 25,000 . 00 |P 5,000. 00 | |Printer |1 |3,500. 00 |5 |3,500. 00 |700. 00 | |Air Conditioner |1 |14,000. 00 |5 |14,000. 00 |2,800. 00 | |Water Dispenser |1 |4,200. 00 |5 |4,200. 00 |840. 00 | |Body Form |6 |2,000. 00 |5 |12,000. 00 |2,400. 0 | |Working Table |1 |3,900. 00 |5 |3,900. 00 |780. 00 | |Steel Cabinet |1 |5,700 |5 |5,700. 00 |1,140. 00 | |Electric Iron |1 |690. 00 |- |690. 00 |- | |Ironing Board |1 |350. 00 |- |350. 00 |- | |Electric Fan |1 |1,300. 00 |- |1,300. 0 |- | |Clotheslines Stand |5 |1,299. 00 |- |6,495. 00 |- | |Dress Bag |100 |49. 00 |- |4,900. 00 |- | |Hangers |20 |74. 75/set |- |1,495. 00 |- | |Coat Hangers |50 |69. 75 |- |3,487. 00 |- | |Soft Broom |1 |45. 0 |- |45. 00 |- | |Trash Bin |1 |89. 50 |- |89. 50 |- | |Dust Pan |1 |25. 00 |- |35. 00 |- | |Pail |1 |115. 00 |- |115. 00 |- | |TOTAL | | | |P 87,301. 50 |P 13,630. 00 | Utilities Consumption Operating Expense | |Particulars |Amount | |Lease Payment |P 24,000. 00 | |Office Supplies |13,032. 00 | |Dress Shop Suppl ies |420,291. 85 | |Repair and Maintenance |144,000. 0 | |Electricity Utilities |5,786. 00 | |Telephone Utilities |11,988. 00 | |Water Utilities |6,000. 00 | |TOTAL |P 625,097. 85 | FINANCIAL STUDY Project Cost Summary Project Cost Summary | | |Amount | |Capital Expenditure | | | |Furniture and Fixture |P 45,880. 00 | | |Office Equipment |87,301. 50 |P 133,181. 50 | | | |Direct Expenditures | | | |Feasibility Study (preparation) |7,000. 0 | | |Survey |3,000. 00 | | |Partnership Expense |5,750. 00 | | |Permit and Licenses |1,725. 00 | | |Legal Fees |3,500. 00 | | |Insurance |3,500. 0 | | |Advertising Expense |1,930. 00 | | |Office Material |1,225. 00 |27,630. 00 | | | |Working Capital (1 month) | | | |Salaries |26,550. 0 | | |Light and Power | | | |Electric Bill (482. 25) | | | |Water Bill (500. 00) |982. 25 | | |Communication | | | |Telephone (999. 00) |999. 0 | | |Lease Payments |2,000. 00 | | |Repair and Maintenance |12,000. 00 | | |Office Supplies |13,032. 00 | | |Dres s Shop Supplies |96,158. 77 |151,722. 02 | |TOTAL | |312,533. 2 | The total estimated Total Project Cost for WEDLOCK TRENDS is P312, 533. 52. |Wedlock Trend Dress Shoppe | |Projection Income Statement | |For the 1st year until 5th year | | |2014 |2015 |2016 |2017 |2018 | |Sales (sched. XI) |P1,754,400. 0 |P2,418,600. 00 |P2,891,040. 00 |P3,098,400. 00 |P3,576,000. 00 | |Direct Expense |27,630. 00 | | | | | |Salary (sched. VIII) |318,600. 00 |321,786. 00 |325,003. 86 |328,253. 90 |331,536. 44 | |Operating Expense (sched. XII)|625,077. 85 |643,830. 8 |663,145. 09 |683,039. 44 |703,530. 63 | |Depreciation (sched. I) | |20,806. 00 |20,806. 00 |20,806. 00 |20,806. 00 | |Earnings Before Income Tax |P 783,092. 15 |P1,432,177. 82 |P1,882,085. 05 |P2,066,300. 66 |P2,520,126. 93 | |Tax |274,082. 25 |501,262. 24 |658,729. 7 |723,205. 23 |882,044. 43 | |Net Income |P 509,009. 90 |P927,724. 56 |P1,223,355. 30 |P1,343,095. 43 |P1,638,082. 50 | | | |Assumptions = 3 % Operating Expense per annum | | | |1 % Salary per annum | Wedlock Trend Dress Shoppe | |Projection Cash Flows Statement | |For the 1st year until 5th year | |Cash Receipts |Pre-Operating |2014 |2015 |2016 |2017 |2018 | |Capt. Contribution |P 2,500,000. 00 | | | | | | |Sales (sched. XI) |- |P1,754,400. 0 |P2,418,600. 00 |P2,891,040. 00 |P3,098,400. 00 |P3,576,000. 00 | | | |TOTAL |P2, 500,000. 00 |P1,754,400. 00 |P2,418,600. 00 |P2,891,040. 00 |P3,098,400. 00 |P3,576,000. 00 | |Cash Disbursement | | | | | | | |Capital Expenditure |P 133,181. 0 | | | | | | |Direct Expense |27,630. 00 | | | | | | |Salary (sched. VIII) |- |318,600. 00 |321,786. 00 |325,003. 86 |328,253. 90 |331,536. 44 | |Operating Expense (sched. XII) |- |625,077. 85 |643,830. 8 |663,145. 09 |683,039. 44 |703,530. 63 | |Tax |- | |274,082. 25 |501,262. 24 |658,729. 77 |723,205. 23 | |Profit |- |P 509,009. 90 |P927,724. 56 |P1,223,355. 30 |P1,343,095. 43 |P1,638,082. 50 | |Total |P160,811. 50 |P1,452,687. 75 |P2,167,422. 99 |P2,712,796. 49 |P3,01 3,118. 4 |P3,396,354. 80 | |Net Cash Flow |P2,339,188. 50 |P 301,712. 25 |P 251,177. 01 |P 178,243. 51 |P 85,281. 46 |P 179,645. 20 | |Net Cash Flow Beg. |- |2,339,188. 50 |2,640,900. 75 |2,892,077. 76 |3,070,321. 27 |3,155,602. 73 | |Cash Balance Beg. |P2,339,188. 50 |P2,640,900. 75 |P2,892,077. 76 |P3,070,321. 27 |P3,155,602. 73 |P3,335,247. 93 | Wedlock Trend Dress Shoppe | |Project Balance Sheet | |For the 1st year until 5th year | | |2014 |2015 |2016 |2017 |2018 | |Asset | | | | | | |Cash |P2,640,900. 75 |P2,892,077. 76 |P3,070,321. 27 |P3,155,602. 73 |P3,335,247. 93 | |Furniture and Fixture |45,880. 00 |42,500. 00 |39,120. 00 |35,740. 00 |32,360. 00 | |(sched.I) | | | | | | |Equipment (sched. II) |87,301. 50 |66,684. 48 |49,288. 50 |31,862. 50 |11,436. 50 | |Total Assets |P 2,774,082. 25 |P 3,001,262. 24 |P3,158,729. 77 |P3,223,205. 23 |P3,382,044. 43 | | | |Liabilities & Capital | |Capital |P 2,500,000. 0 |P 2,500,000. 00 |P 2,500,000. 00 |P 2,500,000. 00 |P 2,500,000. 00 | | Taxation |274,082. 25 |501,262. 24 |658,729. 77 |723,205. 23 |882,044. 43 | |TOTAL |P 2,774,082. 25 |P 3,001,262. 24 |P3,158,729. 77 |P3,223,205. 23 |P3,382,044. 43 | Wedlock Trends : 4 partners and Capital Contribution of each is : Partner 1; P 625, 000. 0 Partner 2; P 625, 000. 00 Partner 3; P 625, 000. 00 Partner 4; P 625, 000. 00 Ratio Analysis |Profitability | | | |Average Net Income |P1,128,253. 54 |41. 06% |The profit ratio is 41. 06%, means that for every peso of sales, there is | | | | |a net profit of P. 41. | Average Net Sale |P2,747,688. 00 | | | | | |Average Net Income |P1,128,253. 54 |45. 13% |The ratio is 45. 13%, means that for every peso of sales, there is a net | | | | |profit of P. 45. | |Owners Equity |P 2,500,000. 0 | | | | | |Average Net Profit |P1,128,253. 54 |36. 30% |The contribution of total assets to the net profit is 36. 30% for every | | | | |peso worth of asset it has a profit of P. 36. | |Average Total Asset |P 3,107,864. 8 | | | | | |Liquidity | | | |Average Current Asset |P3,006,830. 09 |494. 65% |The liquidity ratio is 494. 65% or a peso of current liability is | | | | |supported by P 4. 94 or 5 worth of the current assets | |Average Current Liabilities |P 607,864. 8 | | | | | |Pay Back Capital | | | |Parnership Capital |P 2,500,000. 00 |2. 22 |The capital can be recovered within 2 years of appreciation which is | | | | |favorable. | |Average Net Income |P1,128,253. 54 | | | Schedules Schedule I – Furniture and Fixture Furniture and Fixture | |Particular |Quantity |Price |Life |Acquisition Vale |Annual Depreciation | |Sofa Set |1 |P 28,895. 00 |5 |P 28,895. 00 |P 5,779. 00 | |Office Table w/ Chair |1 |7,700. 00 |5 |7,700. 00 |1540. 00 | |Full Length Mirror |1 |2,300. 00 |5 |2,300. 00 |460. 00 | |Full Length Mirror |2 |1,600. 0 |- |3,200. 00 |- | |Plastic Chair/Monobloc |6 |390. 00 |- |2,340. 00 |- | |Jacket Stand |1 |995. 00 |- |995. 00 |- | |Umbrella |1 |450. 00 |- |450. 00 |- | |TOTAL | | | |P45,880. 00 | P 7,779. 00 | Schedule II – Equipment Equipment

Practical Play Analysis Essay

Theme/Vision Guan Hanqing’s Snow in Midsummer centers on the idea of social injustice and human suffering particularly the unfair treatment of poor people during the Chinese Golden Era.   The play must transcend a great sense of oppression as intended by its playwrights to reflect the dark side of the society they were in, as the main character (Dou E) leaves a horrifying curse as her unjust death served as a living proof of how under-class people like her are taken for granted and are short-lived despite living a virtuous life while the evil ones prevailed. This issue still continues in the modern world so it is important that the story lives up to its purpose of making the audience reflect on the existence of tyranny in the society and what should be done in order to put an end to it.   Every main character’s role should be well emphasized in order to make the message of the story more understandable.   The characters must be very much convincing to the extent that they are almost taking the audience back to Yuan Dynasty. An article made by Huo Jianyi, Yuan Dynasty Zaju, tells about how Guan Hanqing himself gave up his profession of being a doctor and chose to serve the public by writing plays that exposed the dark side of the society, particularly the indulgence in wine and women as a way of life especially for the Yuan rulers.   He and his fellow playwrights used their talents and knowledge in exposing tyranny and through their theatrical creations, spoke on behalf of the suffering masses despite the Yuan rulers forbidding it.   The success of this play will be achieved if the same fiery passion is justified by the characters. Stage Type and Settings The play is artistic therefore it would be ideal to use a proscenium or picture frame stage.   It is not necessary to use a traditional proscenium stage with its common features like a large archway near the stage front or a curtain in order to close it during act or scene breaks.   It is enough that the stage is raised several feet enough for the audience to see the view of the play while directly facing it (â€Å"Stage:† Wikipedia). As the Snow in Midsummer is a classic play based on a Han Dynasty folk tale (although popularized in the Yuan Dynasty), the prevailing theme should be based on the said period.   The backdrop must contain both unique and artistic images depicting a usual old Chinese scenario like that of a painting.   Images of courtyard houses should be used.   These residences would represent the different social status that coexisted in that period. Based on Spiro Kostof’s A History of Architecture, traditional Chinese courtyard houses (such as the siheyuan) is composed of several individual houses around a square, where each house is owned by a different member of the family.   Aside from this, more houses can also be constructed for additional family members that need to be accommodated. There must be a strong sense of tranquility and privacy which should prevail and be maintained despite strong and loud scenes in the play. Garden and water is also a usual feature with these residences.   The outermost part of these residences is where strangers are entertained while the innermost one is set apart for intimate friends and family members of the owner. Since the title of the play contains the word snow, then winter is another requirement for the play, in fact for almost the entirety of the play.   This should allow an atmosphere of gloominess to dominate the stage, making the literal coldness of winter almost felt and intensified by the cold hearts of the villains in the play.   The snow plays a critical part in this and it should fall dramatically on stage with the proper sad music background going with it.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Last but not the least, there must be flowers included.   They should either be illustrated in the backdrop as part of the stage props.   Flowers have been a great part of Chinese art just like the dragon and bird illustrations they use in their antique porcelains.   As a whole, the entire stage must become a big canvass of living Chinese art. Stage Directions   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The director is responsible for bringing out the good quality of the characters’ acting and the stage production.   Therefore he must be focused and fully aware of the background of the play so as to properly angle it. Directions are made up of details being heard and seen by the audience.   These should be explained well in the script so as not to confuse the director, the actors or even the designers.   The three kinds of stage directions must be considered, namely:   (1) scene directions, (2) staging directions, and (3) character stage directions. In the script, scene directions are indented at a measurement of 3.5 inches from the left side of the margin and 1 inch from the right.   This indicates the fundamental place and time of the scene with details of the events on stage as the lights come up or become dim (â€Å"How to Format a Stage Play†).   Let us take scene one, act one of the play Snow in Midsummer as indicated in the script:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   SCENE ONE (The period was between 1279-1368 A.D.   In a typical Chinese village lives MISTRESS CAI, a widow, who appears on stage with a sign of great anticipation on her face.   She paces at the center of the stage in her long, loose gown with wide sleeves and narrow cuffs.   Then she faces the audience with the same facial expression.) Second is the staging directions.   This contains the description of a certain scene such as the entrance, exit, and struggles of characters on stage, as well as the changes in lighting effects or musical background. MRS. CAI: Where? (The Doctor strangles the widow with the rope. Enter Old Zhang and his son Donkey. As they rush forward the Doctor takes to his heels. Old Zhang revives Mistress Cai.) DONKEY: It’s an old woman, dad, nearly strangled to death. Last would be the character stage directions.   These are short descriptive lines in parenthetical form sometimes placed under the name of the character.   This shows the appropriate body language while delivering a certain line (â€Å"How to Format a Stage Play†).   This particular direction puts more identity on acting.   Here is another example. MRS. CAI (crying): Ah, poor child! How am I going to break this to you? Make up The characters’ makeup for the Snow in Midsummer need not look like that from a Chinese opera although it may be elaborated to reflect its rich culture.   It must enhance their acting and facial expression.   A kabuki effect is suggested if the production team would like to add a little animation to it and lessening its tragic base. Dou E and Mistress Cai’s makeup may use thick foundation with a rosy base to show femininity.   However the application must be heavier on Mistress Cai to distinguish her age along with some fake wrinkles.   The eyebrows must be enhanced with a thick black color while the lips are pouty and deep red. As for the elder male actors (Doctor Lu, Dou Tianzhang, and Old Chang), a yellow base makeup can be used contrasted with a thick pink blush on.   The eyebrows may also be enhanced however for the male antagonist (Donkey Chang), eye brows should be enhanced with an upward effect at both ends.   Once again the appearance of wrinkles should distinguish ages. Basic Pointers for applying stage makeup According to Kate Hillard on her article Application of Stage Makeup, makeup is often applied on thick layers. Unlike the movies where the camera can focus on the actor’s face, audiences cannot afford to this kind of facility on stage plays.   The makeup used for the Snow in Midsummer should be elaborate and bright especially with characters representing the high-class society.   There may also be gradual moderation of the makeup for the middle and lower class members but the artist must make sure that it is enough in maximizing the actor’s emotions on stage.   Sometimes even the dark layers of makeup disappear on the glaring lights. A thick, heavy cream foundation should be applied first which be a little bit darker than the skin tone.   The placing of foundation should be started on the forehead and blended well up to the hairline after which the remaining of the face is covered together with the ears, eyelids, and neck as if this is the actors’ true complexion.   The neck application should also be blended well so as not to create a mask-like appearance.   When it comes to male actors, foundation is applied on the entire neck and back sometimes but this can appear messy.   Following the general foundation, a lighter color is placed over the shadows under the nose and on the chin. When the foundation is done, the blush would follow.   A rosy color is used for the female actresses but this should be applied on a lesser degree with male actors.   It is spread over the cheekbone and about halfway down the cheek mixing it with a down and up motion.   A naturally rosy tone is needed for male actors while it should be darker for the females enough to maintain its visibility on stage especially under the hot lights.   Blush must also be placed over the nose and forehead where it is very slightly blended. The most difficult part would be the eye makeup.   A very white â€Å"highlighter† is first placed along the brow bone (right underneath the eyebrow) and under the eye.   The makeup artist should make sure to give the surrounding eye areas a lightened appearance without leaving white smears.   Following this, an eye makeup should be placed just above the eyelid, below the brow bone, and also beneath the eye which should be a little darker than skin tone.   This should be topped with an even darker color along the eyelid top through a downward blending which can also be used as an eyeliner especially with male actors. For women, an even darker and rosier tone that gives the appearance of a natural eye shadow should be placed over.   It should however be more recognizable on stage and should be placed a little above the eyebrow.   A less rosy color is recommended for male actors though not required.   Furthermore, a dark brown or similar-colored eye lining is placed.   Black color is to be used for dramatic roles that need wild makeup. Lastly, mascara is placed on top of the lashes.   In order to avoid or lessen the errors of putting mascaras, it is suggested to make the actor blink after putting the wand on his/her lashes. Following the eye makeup is the simpler part of putting on the lipstick.   A color that is a little darker than the usual lip color is used for male actors and should be matched with a lip liner.   Either can go first depending on the actor’s or makeup artist’s preference.   The liner should be placed on the outside of the lips and not on the natural line otherwise this will obviously look fake.   It can also be applied all over the lips to make it last better and longer.   A dark lipstick should be applied enough to be seen from the stage even if it looks like a Halloween makeup up close.   It goes otherwise with male actors who should slightly be more natural even on stage. Last but not the least would be the loose powder.   Before it is applied over the face, dip a large brush unto a powder container then shake it to get most of the powder off in order to avoid leaving white smears over the makeup and therefore ruining it.   Loose powder is for holding the actor’s make up even when they are sweating. Costumes Costumes are very important.   They help audiences identify and understand the actor’s character and social rank as well as his traits and gender.   The style and color would greatly suggest the occasion happening on stage.   Colorful clothes and elaborate makeup may bring more life to Snow in Midsummer as this pertains to rich Chinese culture. The main character, Dou E, may use the traditional Ruqun which is used by ordinary women during the Yuan Dynasty.   This is made up of an upper jacket and lower skirt.   The jacket is made of a red marten or sheepskin garment with loose sleeves and gray collars and cuffs.   This is tucked below a maroon skirt with a gray sash accent to maintain its simplicity. The same type of robe costume may be used by the widow, Mistress Cai as they do not necessarily belong with the Mongolian Aristocrats who wore cur coats and fur caps.   Their costumes must reflect their lifestyle and their role enough to bring out the emotion from the audience, however they should not look like paupers but more like average Chinese people however obviously struggling to maintain their dignity.   However, after her execution, Dou E’s costume must change to loose, ghostly white robe with its light fabric.   The red smear of blood from the execution must appear on the cloth as well. The male actors may use the Yiseyi or Zhisunfu garments where upper and lower short garments were put together while adding folds to the waistline.   Furthermore, big beads were hung on shoulders and the back.   The garments can either be course or of fine quality depending on the social rank the actor is representing (â€Å"Costume in the Yuan Dynasty†).   Donkey Chang and Old Chang may use costumes may use colors that shows a status that is more advantages compared to Dou E and Mistress Cai, however not as luxurious as an upper aristocrat.   Donkey Chang’s costume must be provoking and reflective of his selfish being. Of course the apparent hairdo must not be forgotten.   For male actors, it should be the traditional snail-head, seated Buddha feature.   As for females actors (Dou E and Mistress Cai), the hair must be long with the upper portion tied and placed with some simple white floral accents.   Mrs. Cai’s hair must be all brushed up however with a bulky onion bulb appearance. Lighting This is perhaps the counterpart of camera trick.   One of the things that make stage plays breath-taking is the lighting effect.   In fact thanks to modern-day stage lighting, audiences now are able to afford richer visibility of the entire play, thus connecting more with the intense emotions of the actors. A careful outline of Bill William’s Stage Lighting Design shows four important objectives of stage lighting: (1) Visibility, which helps the audience understand the play.   It is influenced by contrast, size, color and movement. (2) Naturalism (and Motivation), where a sense of time and place is indicated. (3) Composition, the overall image of the stage.   Lighting must reveal actors, objects and scenery depending on their importance. (4) Mood (and Atmosphere), which is the psychological reaction of the audience is influenced by lighting effects that gives the stage a sense of happiness, sadness or even boredom. Dou E’s execution would be a perfect example where lighting is â€Å"highlighted† as this scene indicates a transition from a normal way of life to a cursed one.   In this case, the lighting effects must create a great sense of grief , heaviness, and fear among the audience. Casting   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   A play cannot be a play without the cast.   As the front liners of the production, they are mainly responsible for leaving an impression for the play since they are the ones who have direct contact with the audiences.   Casts are like the main course of a meal.   Prof. Audrey Stanley from the University of California at Santa Cruz presents at least eight points to consider when casting a play: (1) Interpretation of character type and function; (2) Type-casting; (3) Casting against type; (4) Cross-gender casting; (5) Gender- or race-neutral casting. (6) Generational relationships and differences between characters (for instance, how old are Lear’s daughters?); (7) Physical and vocal requirements of different roles; (8) Audience associations and expectations of individual actors.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Dou E’s character must be portrayed by someone who can show her virtuosity but at the same time must have the ability to transform into a vengeful character.   Her father, Dou Tianzhang, must be played as someone who is old of course but has enough strength to do some laborious works.   Mistress Cai must reflect the same humility as Dou E’s character but of course with a motherly touch.   A trace of burden must be shown on her face from life’s realities as well as how youth has been taken from her.   Donkey Chang need not be good-looking however appropriately dressed.   But his dignified appearance must not conceal his disgusting character. Rehearsals Based on Simon Dunmore’s Advice on How to Approach Rehearsals for a Play, rehearsing is composed of thought, discussion, and doing.   It is an important part of the play where the whole team gets to figure out what will work or not.   That is why it is important to discipline oneself especially when it comes to the script.   Even before the rehearsals, the actor must read it several times so he/she will get to be familiar with the character that he is playing.   He should carry it one hand somewhere at his side and put emotion to the delivery of the line while looking at the script at a side glance.   He must be patient and must take his time in memorizing his line.   In case of long speeches, they should be delivered with much care and thought as single or short lines for it is usually a case where a certain idea starts and is connected throughout the story of the play. Stage directions on the other hand, must be read as possible pointers only.   If they came from how the play was originally done, take into consideration that the present production might be different with the casts and circumstances being new.   Pause and silence is a kind of stage direction that must also be given proper timing and must have appropriate place in the play just like long and short lines.   Also in case of abbreviations, the intention of the playwright must be observed so the essence of the communication will not be lost. Writing down notes either from the director or from oneself will be helpful in remembering how to delivery one’s line properly.   Notes need not be long.   Directors may not be right all the time with regards to the character role.   His long experience in theater acting may not give him enough knowledge or understanding of a certain character the way an actor does.   Therefore, a careful and rational discussion must always be made between the two.   Set and costume designs are also very important.   They affect the way an actor moves about the stage.   These objects must work harmoniously with the people of the play and not become a hinder.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Rehearsals do not stop within the rehearsal room.   Proper focus can be achieved with proper practicing though it should not necessarily occupy one’s private time. Rehearsal for Snow in Midsummer Below is a sample table for the Snow in Midsummer’s rehearsal schedule.   It is usually done with six to eight weeks but the production team may change it depending on their needs (Sample Rehearsal Schedule). Sunday Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday Auditions Auditions Call-Backs Post Castlist First Read-Thru Off Construction Crew Meets Block scenes with leads Block scenes with Full Cast Block scenes with leads Begin Set Construction Block scenes with Full Cast Off Work on Set Construction Work scenes with Full Cast Work scenes with leads Work scenes with leads Work on Set Construction Work scenes with Full Cast Work on Set Construction Hang Lights and Set Construction Work through Act I off book Work through Act II off book Work on trouble spots leads only Finish Hang and Rough Focus Act I Run-thru Work on Set Construction Full Cast Paint and Work Day Act II Run-thru Act I Run-thru Act II Run-thru Work on Set Construction First Full Run-thru Complete Set Construction Final Setup Tech and Lights First Tech Rehearsal with Cast Run-thru Full Tech Run-thru Full Tech Costume check Tech Crew Trouble Shooting Run-thru Full Tech Finishing Touches On Set Work on problem areas Full Dress Rehearsal Full Dress Rehearsal Full Dress Rehearsal Full Dress Rehearsal No Makeup Performance Performance Performance The Vision’s Effects on the Audience   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The Snow in Midsummer is a play about tragedy and drama.   However, the whole production team must keep in mind that as the story is based on real struggles of poor people in the past, it might leave a great sense of grievance to the audience.   This is good but only to the extent that it will stimulate their sense of awareness since basically, though the storyline dates back to old times, it is very symbolic of the abuse and tyranny that still exist even in our time.   Therefore, there must be a balance by creating a great sense of hope especially during the scenes where a retrial for Dou E’s case was conducted up to the play’s ending.   The play must establish to the audience that life goes on and there is hope and justice even in the hardest of situations. Steve Campsall wrote in Write a Successful Play that plays must create a lasting appeal to the audience.   Every words delivered by a stage performer should send out both meaning and feeling.   That is why it is important to understand the writer’s intention behind the text he has created.    Common methods such as vivid metaphor, powerful imagery, alliteration, use of rhyme or rhythm, etc, are said to be used often by writers (Write a Successful Play: Effects on the Audience).   Behind the scene interactions will help bring one’s natural acting and transcend the same energy and passion.   The audience must be convinced with everything, from the stage settings to the acting.   Not doing so will be crucial and may create passiveness. Conclusion   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Behind a play’s success could be in anything that is a part of it.   From the director’s vision to the actor’s execution, everyone should make sure that everything works harmoniously so that the flow of the play will be well polished on the grand day itself.   It is both inspiring and fun to see actors on stage behaving like they are not actors but rather they own the stage and they are the characters that they are playing.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Lastly, behind the inspiring acts, elaborate costumes, and colorful props, the message of the story must be retained.  Ã‚   This is one important part that can be shared with the audience.   The lesson that they can learn from watching a play can help them personally.   Once the audience is touched by a play’s story or vision, he/she can use the message or apply it once he goes back to real life. Work Cited â€Å"Stage.† Wikipedia: The Free Encyclopedia.   5 February 2008.   9 February 2008. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stage_(theatre) Kostof, S. 1995.   A History of Architecture.   The Oxford Press.   8 February 2008.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Courtyard Jianyi, H. 2003.   Yuan Dynasty Zaju.  Ã‚   8 February 2008.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   http://www.chinavoc.com/magicn/yzaj.asp â€Å"How to Format a Stage Play.† Script Frenzy Young Writers Program.   2007.   9 February 2008. http://ywp.scriptfrenzy.org/howtoformatastageplay Hillard, K. 2002.   Application of Stage Make Up.   9 February 2008. http://www.essortment.com/applicationstag_rgyu.htm â€Å"Costume in the Yuan Dynasty.† ChinaCulture.org.   10 February 2008.   10 February 2008. http://www.chinaculture.org/gb/en_chinaway/2003-09/24/content_28414.htm Williams, B. 1997-1999.   Stage Lighting Design.   Objectives of stage lighting.   11 February 2008 http://www.mts.net/~william5/sld/sld-100.htm Stanley, A. 1995-1996.   â€Å"Shakespeare Examined through Performance.† 11 February 2008 http://www.tamut.edu/english/folgerhp/Recipes/7cstply.html Dunmore, S. 25 August 1999.   Simon Dunmore’s Advice on How to Approach Rehearsals for a Play.   11 February 2008 http://www.btinternet.com/~simon.dunmore/rehearse.htm Campsall, S.   2008.   Write a Successful Play: Effects on the Audience.   12 February 2008 http://www.englishbiz.co.uk/mainguides/play.htm Sample Rehearsal Schedule.   Tupelo Community Theatre.   13 February 2008. http://www.tctwebstage.com/schedule.htm

Development of optical nanoelectronics Essay

Nanotechnology has become more advanced in recent years. This made possible the development of optical nanoelectronics. Optical nanocircuits have been the focus of recent researches because of its superior advantages over the existing electronic circuits. They offer high-speed transmission of data, high bandwidth, and even miniaturization of circuit elements. But optical nanocircuits, operating in the optical frequencies, are not solely based on the existing circuit theory that has been the foundation of the existing Microwave circuits. Theory of Electromagnetics must be deeply analyzed and extended to understand how optical nanocircuits work. In microwave circuits, resistors, inductors and capacitors can be modeled using lumped elements. The changes in electromagnetic field inside the electronic components are quasi-static in nature. This idea also holds true for optical nanocircuits. In order to preserve the quasi-static nature of the elements, the dimensions of the components need to be tinier than the wavelength. This has been possible because of the advancement of nanotechnologies. But the problem in the optical frequencies is the behavior and response of the metallic and non-metallic components. At optical frequencies, metals tend to show plasmonic resonance, which causes the permittivity of the material to have a negative real part. Since metals don’t show the property of conduction at optical frequencies, Conduction current is not the main current flowing thru the metal. Displacement current is dominant current flowing thru the metals at optical frequencies. This displacement current is greatly affected by the permittivity of the material used. The characteristics of the permittivity of the material determine whether the material acts as a nanoinductor, a nanocapacitor, or a nanoresistor. If the real part of the permittivity of the material is positive, the material acts as a nanocapacitor. On the other hand, if the real part is negative, it acts as a nanoinductor. Materials have nanoresistance when the imaginary part of the permittivity of the material is not equal to zero. These nanoelements can also be used to realized nanofilters. Existing ideas using resistors, inductors, and capacitors to create lowpass, highpass, and bandpass filters can also be used to create nanofilters. Depending on the connections of the nanoelements, nanofilters can be constructed. Nanoinductors, nanocapacitors and nanoresistors can be connected in either series or parallel to produce the necessary nanofilter. A sample of optical nanocircuit is shown in the image below. Figure 1. Realization of optical nanocircuit. (Engheta, Science 2007. ) References: Alu, A. , Salandrino, A. , & Engheta, N. Parallel, Series, and Intermediate Interconnections of Optical Nanocircuit Elements, Part 2: Nanocircuit and Physical Interpretation. Universtiy of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA. Retrieved November 15, 2008 from http://arxiv.org/pdf/0707. 1003. pdf Engheta, N. , SAlandrino, A. , & Alu, A. (2004). Circuit Elements at Optical Frequencies : Nano-inductors, Nano-capacitors, and Nano-resistors. Universtiy of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA. Retrieved November 15, 2008 from http://arxiv. org/pdf/cond-mat/0411463. pdf Engheta, N. (2007). Circuits with Light at Nanoscales: Optical Nanocircuits Inspired by Metamaterials. Science. Shivanand, S. V. (2008). Optical Nanocircuits. Purdue University, Indiana, USA. Retrieved November 15, 2008 from http://cobweb. ecn. purdue. edu/~ece695s/Lectures/Lecture_20. pdf

Judaism Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Judaism - Assignment Example The Holocaust can be construed as generating the same kind of spiritual and psychological upheaval that it did during the time of the 597 BC exile, generating the same intense scrutiny of the Jewish faith and Jewish purity in relation to that covenant (Hooker, 2013). ‘What you believe follows only after what you do’ is a moral prescription, and a guide for judging what is right and wrong. This is another way of saying that actions are the true things, and that it is our actions that determine whether we are moral or not. It is another way of saying that we ought to do what is right, and that belief is only secondary to how we act. This places emphasis on right action as a key feature of Judaism. There is the sense that while Judaic beliefs and customs may seem complicated, in fact the crucible of moral judgment focuses on actions and in a way the effects of those actions on people. Jewish customs being the subject of rediscovery means those same customs being found to have relevance in the lives of modern-day Jews (Tippett,

Foreign Ethics Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Foreign Ethics - Coursework Example The rural parents view children as an investment because they provide labor for agricultural production. The children are also a resource because they help in taking care of their siblings. Since the families cannot afford to employ nannies, the elder children have to look after their younger siblings. Besides, parents expect the children to support them financially during their old age (Kiriti & Tisdell 2013). Things are, however, different in the U.S. There are no parents who opt to have many children. Most parents limit to one or two children. It is widely regarded as unethical for couples to have many children because most parents are economically stable. A couple with several children cannot afford to give each of them appropriate parental attention (AAP 2015). In addition, giving birth in large numbers would add more people to the already populated country. Kiriti, T., & Tisdell, C. (2013). Family size, economics and child gender preference: A case study in the Nyeri district of Kenya. Social Economics International Journal of Social Economics, 492-509. Retrieved July 3, 2015, from http://www.uq.edu.au/rsmg/docs/ClemWPapers/SEPD/WP

Corporate Compliance Benchmarking Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Corporate Compliance Benchmarking - Essay Example B. In order to solve the problem, Toyota introduced new programs for minority employees and plant workers working with old equipment. Under this new arrangement, both the employees and Toyota benefited. The employees received flexible bonus incentives and were able to earn more than they did under previous pay scale (Toyota Home Page 2008).. Toyota, on the other hand, quit losing an estimated $5 million per year on the plant and has a new source from which to purchase roller bearings and help keep the other competitors' prices in line. All workers were proposed additional training in order to meet new standards and requirements. The advantage of this strategy is that Toyota focuses on employees' needs rather than organizational objectives (Kennedy-Glans and Schulz 2005). C. It took time to train minority workers and replaced old equipment in some plants, but this strategy allowed Toyota improved productivity and develop positive climate and morale. Employees felt they were valued by the company, and motivated by fair compensation. These tactics have been applied by top management equally against factory workers and middle management white collar workers. Today, companies strategy assist in making the business case and fixing the reward package. To operate without major disruptions, Toyota must be in compliance with legal requirements, international, federal, state, and local (Kennedy-Glans and Schulz 2005). Ford A. Ford was accused in unfair policies applied to women's compensation and benefits. A successful reward strategy encompasses much more than the compensation package, although that may be the key practical element in ensuring that the appointee, partner and family set off on the assignment with confidence and in a positive frame and is focused strongly on helping partners to resolve dual-career issues. The granting of staff status has been put into effect by a few progressive firms. Effective arguments supporting the issue appear to be pleas or threats to management that if they do not take appropriate action, then the federal government will step in and do it for them through some form of a new legislation. They also argue that business can either pay women an adequate wage or pay instead through welfare programs (Ford Home Page 2008). B. In order to solve the problem, Ford evaluated her abilities and education and came to conclusion that the African-American woman received low compensation because she lacked necessary skills and education for the position she occupied. In order to overcome such problems is future, Ford introduced infringed benefits for production workers (Ford Home Page 2008). The reality is that companies tend to have greater income security because performance evaluations usually are a rather modest determinant of their total compensation package. Also, Ford executives give much of the credit to the blue-collar worker and management and union leadership willingness to listen to them and to work with them in increasing productivity.C. As a result, the company improved its image and avoided legal responsibility. Also, the company introduced special benefits for women (and mothers in particular) including direct benefits: sick pay and

Data Backup and Life Cycle Restore in the Enterprises and Companies Research Proposal

Data Backup and Life Cycle Restore in the Enterprises and Companies - Research Proposal Example w data base management systems (DBMS) perform the backup/restore operations, How about the automatic and manual backup, what's the data will been restored regarding the network limitation of bandwidth and work time and How we can construct a strong Disaster recovery plan. All these point will be discussed and covered in my research. This dissertation has not made possible without the help of some key persons who in one way or the other help succeed in the completion of this paper. To Mr./Ms. (insert name of adviser or instructor), who served as my adviser and instructor with this paper. He had not just thought me to do the technical part but also encouraged and gave me challenge in the field of study I practised. Thank you for being a mentor all the way. With this, I would like to take the opportunity to thank as well to my parents and friends who are always there to lend a helping hand. And, to my classmates who shared time and experiences along the duration of school years, thank you all. March 4, 2007 Table of Contents Data Backup System Over Networks 1 Sam 1 Abstract 1 Abstract 1 Acknowledgements 2 Acknowledgements 2 Table of Contents 3 Table of Contents 3 List of Figures 4 List of Figures 4 1 Introduction 5 2 Backup and Recovery 8 3 Backups and Tape Storage 14 4 Network Disaster Recovery 20 5 Conclusion 21 References 23 References 23 Appendix 1: Dissertation Proposal 25 Appendix 1: Dissertation Proposal 25 List of Figures Figure 1. Information Security Policy and Procedure Hierarchy 13 Figure 2.Prototype Set-up of Data Backup Over Network 17 1 Introduction In this e-centric day and age of organisations have come to rely on IT infrastructures not just and aid to business, but for some, as the core of their business. Safe, secure, and reliable computing and telecommunications are essential to these organisations. As these organisations begin to understand the importance of information security and data backup, they are developing security programs that are often under the direction of the CIO. This program includes more than just people and technology 1.1 Background and Context In the field of information technology, backup refers to the replication of data so that these supplementary copies may be restored after a data loss event. Backups are useful above all for two purposes: to restore a computer to an operational state subsequent a catastrophe (called disaster recovery) and to restore small numbers of files after they have been accidentally deleted or corrupted. Backups are at variance from archives in the sense that archives are the primary copy of data and backups are a secondary copy of data. Backup systems differ from fault-tolerant systems in the sense that

Assignment One Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Assignment One - Essay Example However, in order to improve the safety standard at the workplace, necessary legislation pertaining to health in the workplace had to be introduced to ensure that safety standards are maintained. This is what led to the enactment of Occupational Safety and Health Act of 1970. The act established the Occupational Safety and Health administration (OSHA) under the command of the US department of Labor to publicize and enforce safety and health standards so as to protect employees at work. It is reported that more than two hundred local OSHA offices have so far been established in the US to enforce protective standards and implement outreach programs to employees and their employers. Rial-Gonzalez et al., (2005) notes that OSH mainly focuses on the maintenance and promotion of health and working capacity of workers; enhancing working environment and work to be conducive for workers, and to develop work organization and cultures in a manner that supports safety and heath at work. This hel ps in promoting positive social climate that allows for smooth operation, which enhances productivity of the undertaking. Nevertheless, the question that one may ask ism, â€Å"What are the factors that might have influenced the development of OSH at the international, Federal and state level?† This paper will discuss the factors argued to have contributed to the development of Occupational Safety and Health at the international, federal and state level. Data obtained from ILO, in 1919 estimates that the global fatality level from work-related diseases and injuries stand at approximately 2 million annually. The statistics also showed that annual rates of such diseases and injuries are on a decline in most industrialized nations while increasing in less-developed countries. In overall, the yearly rate of fatal and non-fatal accidents is projected at 270 million with close to 160 million workers having been found to suffer from work-related diseases. What is worrying to

Globalization Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 11

Globalization - Essay Example This essay stresses that economic globalisation is also evident in the global restructuring and readjustment of industries. Movement from labor-intensive to capital-intensive production is increasing in developing countries. Due to competition for the international markets, economic globalisation has taken a different trend. Mergers, acquisitions, and strategic alliances are now normal to improve competitiveness. Examples are international economic and financial organisations, such as World Bank controlled by the west. As a result, the West uses this advantage to promote and control economic globalisation. Through the control of these institutions, they can control less developed countries and influence their economic development agenda. China's quick entry as a WTO member also goes to show how much nations are interested in being part of economic globalisation. This paper makes a conclusion that in the wake of accelerated economic globalisation less developed countries find themselves in a dilemma. Should they isolate themselves from the process, they will surely not benefit from technology transfers. FDIs are sidelined in the development process. Participation also carries its risks. The developed countries dominance in the process of economic globalisation will reduce them to mere annexes of the developed countries. As a result, there is need to safeguard interests of developing countries in the development of new economic orders.

Water wave Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Water wave - Research Paper Example Thirdly, it was found out that water waves are divided into three main groups namely: Shallow water wave, Intermediate depth wave, and Deep water wave. It was found out that the distinction between shallow water waves and deep water waves is not associated with oceans’ or seas’ absolute depth. The distinction is usually determined with the ratio of depth of water to wave’s wavelength. Finally, the research paper found that molecules of water in water waver normally exhibit circular motion (orbit) in deep sea water wave, and as the depth of ocean or sea increases, the diameter of the orbit decreases. A disturbance of any type on water (be it on the surface of water, in the water or at the bottom of the water) normally causes wave; this wave is known as water wave. These disturbances on water may include: a pebble that strikes the surface of the water, earthquake, boat movement or even wind among others (Dingemans, 2007). When an individual stands at a beach and closely observe how water waves break and roll in, or even observe surface of disturbed water, the individual might see that the disturbed water is actually travelling towards the shore, or towards the boundaries of the container that holds the disturbed water (Stoker, 2011). Actually no water is moving towards the shore or the boundary of the container that holds the water. When a closer look is made on an object that floats on the water, it is observed that the object moves towards the shore or towards the boundary of the container on the wave crest, and moves the same distance away from the shore with the wave trough ( Hermans, 2011). Several researches have been done regarding the properties of water wave. These properties include: the pattern of water waves, water wave wavelength, water wave frequency, water wave amplitude, types of water wave, what

Assignment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 15

Assignment - Essay Example However, catholic supports an appreciable number of health institutions. Fundamentally, churches are supported by the constitution under the first amendment bill that gives religious institutions the freedom of faith and religion. Therefore, the long-standing faith based principles that catholic uses to run the health institutions should be respected (Parker web). The issue would not have been so tough had the president given a constitutional leeway for church based healthcare systems. The greatest constitutional issue is that the healthcare bill is federally implemented and therefore there is no constitutional exemption for church based healthcare organizations. However, the issue would not have been so inflexible if it was state mandated. This is because the church based organizations would still enjoy their constitutional freedom by exercising constitutional laws from states that recognize their faith and moral stand (USCB web). The religious clauses of the first amendment uphold and respect the value of religious freedom as it pertains to exercise of freedom of conscience. The clauses recognize that the Almighty God gave free mind to man and therefore there should be no law whatsoever that should influence or burden consciousness. The Catholic based healthcare organizations have the constitutional right to exercise the freedom of consciousness as provided by the constitution (USCB web). However, the requirement by the healthcare bill to support health care organizations to offer birth control, the morning after pill, and sterilization, even if they are private nonprofits run by the Catholic Church goes against this religious clause. This is because it forces the Catholic Church to do what it considers fundamentally wrong. In fact, the bill touches on the issues that are of great value to the church especially the Catholic Church. The Catholic Church greatly values the sanctity of life and therefore

About Sovereigns and Tyrants Essay Example for Free

About Sovereigns and Tyrants Essay There is a great distinction between a sovereign and a tyrant, although oftentimes people are confused by the meaning of the two. A sovereign is a leader of state that acquired his or her position by being elected or appointed by the people. A tyrant, on the other hand, is a self proclaimed leader, assuming leadership â€Å"without election, or right of succession, or lot, or a just war, or a special calling from God† (Bodin, 1992). Under the circumstances of tyranny, it is lawful or permissible to kill the tyrant. The primary moral reason here, especially in a democratic state, is to bring back power to the hands of the people. However, there is an exception here. If, after assuming tyranny, the tyrant’s rule becomes ratified by election or permission from the people, then it is no longer permissible to kill or persecute the tyrant without a fair trial. See more:  The 3 Types of Satire Essay It is possible for a sovereign prince to become a tyrant. When this happens, some people who share authority over the state (such as senators, aristocrats, and the people themselves) have a right to eliminate the sovereign-tyrant in order to deliver the unjustly oppressed. This can either be done by means of law, or by means of force. A foreign ruler may also be rather fit to do this task than the citizens of the state. On the other hand, a true sovereign ruler differs from a tyrant in that he (or she) has rightful absolute power over the entire state and he doesn’t share it with any of his subjects. Monarchs of England during older times are good examples of sovereign rulers. They obtained their leadership by law and birthright, and thus they cannot be considered as tyrants. It is not lawful then, to unjustly kill, plot against, resist, or even think about hurting a sovereign ruler. Such an act is nothing less than high treason and punishable by death. Bibliography: Bodin, J. (1992). On sovereignty (J.H. Franklin, Ed.). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press

The Importance of Socio dramatic Play

The Importance of Socio dramatic Play Much of our understanding of the value of play has originated from Piaget (1962) and Vygotsky (1978), who focused on the role of play in childrens development. They saw children as active explorers of their world. With each new encounter or interaction, children were able to discover new meanings, and thus developed more complex understandings and skills. Play is therefore, an important part of the process of constructing knowledge. It enables children to control what happens and to use what they already know to further their understanding and development. Socio-dramatic play is one of the most important forms of play (Smilansky Shefatya, 1992). Play experiences support children to be active participants in developing and strengthening their character, finding their own voice in compromising with others or directing their play ideas. When engaging in pretend play, children use fantasy, make-believe, and symbolic behavior in representing one object as another (Kaugers Ross 2009). Pla y is a skill worth practicing and mastering not, as adults often seem to think of it, a mere time filler or something to do outside to blow off steam. Mastering play is as important as mastering oral or written language. All these modes of symbolic representation enable human beings to remember manage, plan, and communicate with each other (Reynolds Jones 1997). The term play is often used but loosely defined. For the purpose of this paper when speaking of play the kind of play that will be discussed will be socio-dramatic play (Smilanskiy 1968). This type of play,also called dramatic, imaginative, or pretend play, can occur with peers, adults, or both. Characteristics of socio-dramatic play include make-believe that involves roles, objects, and situations; and includes language and social interaction. The social aspect distinguishes socio-dramatic play from dramatic play because children can and do pretend during solitary play. Socio-dramatic play may also occur in combination with constructive play in early childhood classrooms. Much of what we currently know about sociodramatic play started with Vygotskys research. Vygotsky saw play as the leading behavior in childrens development. In Vygotskys theory, children play beyond their years (Bodrova Leong, 2005). The play has several elements to it. First, the play must include an imaginary element, second, involved children must have assigned role(s) with implicit rules, and finally, language must be involved. (Smilansky Shefatya, 1992). The Role of Teachers in Childrens Play Because children are the active participant they have autonomy over their play and this is one of the most empowering experiences a child can have (Canning, 2007). The adults in the childs world play an integral role. Children want support in practical difficulties, but also want to be seen as important and competent individuals (Pramling, Samuelsson, Johansson 2009). Children want to know when they are doing the right things and want to appear in a favorable light to their teachers and other adults by informing them when peers break rules. By this the children also confirm the teachers, in the sense that they are to be trusted, they know how things should be and they have power and knowledge to mediate. The role of the teacher in play is complex and can involve a directive, non-directive, and/or elaborative role. Howard, Jenvey, and Hill (2006) indicated that higher levels of teacher verbalization can reduce play behavior. Similarly, Tamburrini (1982) suggested that re-direction dev alued play as a learning activity whereas elaborative interaction facilitated play behavior. Play activities tend to occur more frequently between children rather than with teachers (Canning, 2007). Piagets clinical observations supported educators discoveries that children construct knowledge for themselves through spontaneous activity. Through the play experiences teachers provide; children acquire rules, imitate reality, and socialize with their peers (Piaget, 1962). So then in the early years for many teaching is based on observation. Teachers dont however just watch and sit idly by. They also make play possible. The play they make possible is rich, complex, and thoughtfully-planned. Socio-dramatic play provides an excellent context for children to develop and practice many important skills and behaviors that contribute to later success in school and life. As play matures, there is a progressive transition from reactive to and impulsive behaviors to behaviors that are more delib erate and thoughtful (Bodrova Leong, 2005). Teachers need to know how to observe play, helping children grow into master players. Like every stage of development, play does not occur automatically, it needs nurturing from a capable adult. Children must learn how to engage in satisfying socio-dramatic play and teachers must take responsibility for setting up their environment and assisting the play by taking on the role of observer, stage-manager, and co- player (Bredekamp 2005). Within research, play has been analyzed in numerous studies. The purpose of this study will be to examine the role of the teachers involvement during play. Specifically can a teacher or another trained adult improve socio-dramatic play to improve other cognitive and socio-emotional abilities? In order to examine this, the following questions need to be explored: What is the level of socio-dramatic play in the classroom? How is the teacher involved? What obstacles hinder progress? Method Participants and Setting Dependent Variable Independent Variable Experimental Design and Procedures

Gujarat State Is Famous For Various Kind Tourisms Tourism Essay

Gujarat State Is Famous For Various Kind Tourisms Tourism Essay Gujarat is a state of India, geographically situated in the western tip of India and surrounded by Arabian Sea coastline. This is the only state that has longest coastline. Pakistan to the north-west borders, Arabian Sea to the southwest, Rajasthan state to the northeast and Madhya Pradesh state to the East. People of the state and the local language are known as Gujarati. The state has some of largest businesses of the India such as diamond, cement, denim cloth manufacturing, grassroots oil refining, agriculture etc. Worlds largest ship braking yard at Alang existed in the Gujarat near Bhavnagar district. Major cities of the state Ahmedabad, Surat, Baroda (Vadodara), Rajkot, Jamnagar, Bhavnagar are playing main roles to grow the economy rates and increasing name and fame for the various businesses in the world. Gujarat state has various factors to attract foreigner as well as national and local tourists. History tourism, Medical tourism, Business tourism, Culture tourism, Adventure tourism and many more are most attractions. Gujarat state has different mode of transportations such as buses, railway, auto and taxies, aeroplane, boat, ship. Above all transportations is easy, cheaper and faster in compare to other states of India. About the political view Gujarat is governed by Legislative Assembly of 182 members, Legislative Assembly members terms is for five years and the administrations of the state is led by the honourable Chief Minister. Main Body Gujarat have different festivals and they play an important role to call foreign tourists, major of the festivals are Diwali, Navratri, Raksha Bandhn, Janmastmi, Holi, Kite Festival and many more. Diwali is the festival of light, on that day lot of sweets are cooked and at the evening people enjoy with fireworks. Navratri is the longest festival of the India and the world as well. It is a nine nights dancing festival, it is called Dandia or Garba. On the festival of Rakshabandhan, sister tie a band on the right hand of her brother, that is a holy band, belief is like the band will defence of the brother. Janmastmi is one of the holiest festivals, because it is the birth day of lord Krishna, the most worshiped god of India. Holi is called a festival of colours, on that day people spoil one to another with different colours. Every 14th of the January is celebrated as a Kite festival, international kite flying contests is also organised in the Gujarat. Most of the contestants are foreig ners. These all festivals are big attractions for foreign tourist. Food, festivals and lifestyle are famous of Gujarat state. Local people are used to eat spicy but very tasty food. Simply thinking and high living is the basic life slogan of them; they are enthusiastic, active, and adventurous. Gujarat is having different communities, such as Hinduism, Islam, Jainism, Sikhism, etc. Different religions have different food, belief and lifestyle, tradition and god. Gujarat state is famous for various kind tourisms, such as A) Medical Tourism B) History and Heritage Tourism C) Cultural Tourism D) Business Tourism E) Recreational Tourism F) Spiritual Tourism In detail explanation A) Medical Tourism Medical tourism is a new force of the tourists, who visit abroad for their medication or medical treatment. For an example, dental treatment or surgeries are costly in the United Kingdome but it is very cheap in the India (also in Gujarat) so patient from UK travel to India for their dental medication or surgery is called medical tourism. In Gujarat there are number of hospitals with high tech equipment and numbers of medicines. There are two types of tourists leisure tourists, who travel abroad for their minor treatment that is part of their vacation and tourists travelling especially for their medical treatments. In compare to medical treatment in UK/USA/CANADA/New Zealand, cheaper medical treatment plus airfare, tourist can save excluding the visit cost and accommodation in Gujarat. B) History and Heritage Tourism Gujarat has world-class history and heritage, in previous time, Gujarat was ruled by many kings, they left something as memorable which is known as golden heritage. This historical heritage attracts not only to the national tourists but also tourists from different countries as well. Some of them are world famous tourists places such as Lothal an ancient port city of old age, existed near the river Sabarmati (Ahmedabad city). Dholavira Kutch is a small village, an archaeological site, situated in Kutch district of Gujarat which is surrounded by dessert of Kutch. This is a massive site, belongs to about 5000 years old Mohenjo-Daro Harappan Civilization. Another place is Champaner (The UNESCO -listed world heritage site) this is the one of the most remarkable archaeological site of the Gujarat with Hindu temples and step wells, existed nearby Pavagadh (about 70kms from Vadodara a metropolitan city). Rani-Ki-Vav (step well) was built in the 11th century, It was built by Queen Udyamat i as a memory of her husband King Bhimdev. It has seven galleries which are laid out in east-west direction. Steps corridors and wall-borders are carved with divine glory and deep understanding. That is established near Patan Taluka Mahesana district of Gujarat. These all sites are just examples of old age time and now they are under preservation because of famous historical tourists places. D) Business Tourism Gujarat earned name and fame in the world for its business sector. Many of them are in worlds top ten business, for example, diamond industries in the Surat city is the biggest diamond production hub of the world even though there is no any diamond mine found. Gujarat state has worlds 2nd largest grassroots refinery. Biggest cement productions plants, biggest denim production plants that is why Gujarat is known as the Manchester of the East and Denim city. One of the states of India produce and export cotton in largest amount, Gujarat is worlds 3rd largest denim producer. This state has fastest growth of economy, especially in the chemical sector; it has a complete portfolio of chemical products that includes petrochemical and downstream products, dyes and intermediates. Gujarat has also big name for the producing pharmaceuticals, this is the most developed and the same type competitive sector with about 3245 manufacturing license and 42% pharmaceutical turnover of the India and 22% of Indias export. Not only industries are increasing the economy of the Gujarat but the agriculture is supporting same type. Cotton, sugarcane, banana, onion, potatoes, groundnuts (peanuts), grains and beans are the main corps of Gujarat. There is a long queue of foreign investors to invest in the state, by that way Gujarat has been earning business tourism income, and expanding economy growth. C) Recreational Tourism Festival is the synonym of recreation, when Gujarat has numbers of festival. Fairs are organised during some festivals, and those fairs are most attraction of tourists. Many if fairs are famous in tourist list, namely Bhavnath Fair, Kavant Fair, the grant fair -Vautha, Shamlaji Fair, and Tarnetar Fair. During those fair there are various activities and competitions are organised. People get together at a place of fair and enjoy different food, shopping, rides and colours. Fairs are most famous among national and local tourists rather than foreigners. Except the fairs Gujarat state has wildlife and adventurous forests. Gujarat is 7.46% covered by forest, Gir (Junagadh District) is the most famous forest and the only home of Asiatic Lions, outside Africa this forest in Gujarat is only natural habitat of lions and hot spot of foreigner as well as national tourists. D) Spiritual Tourism Gujarat has several of devotional places which attract tourism. Most of them are Hindus holy places; they visit at least once in their lifetime. Their religious belief and devotional interest influence to the foreigners and mostly western people. It makes them to visit those holy places too. Dwarkashish temple at Dwarka, Dakor temple, Somnath, Gopnath, Ambaji, Girnar those are holy places for spiritual tourism. Conclusion Gujarat is the state of India, I can say, has numbers of tourists visit in a year. Except of the tourists places mostly the state is well known for the food, festivals, people their life style. Mainly foreign tourists influence by the state because of geographical location and having suitable atmosphere. Simple life style but high quality food influences them more to visit it often. Honesty, enthusiasm, calm and humbleness are the natural in the temperament of Gujarati people. Various type of tourism is involved in a same place that is the awesome thing in the Gujarat. This state has been changing to the infrastructure. Latest technologies and equipment keep the state update all the time. Most admiral thing is Gujarat state remain safe while facing many natural disasters. Even there is none any major damages or harm in the history of the state. Tourism is a very big developing sector of the Gujarat state. Longest coastline attracts to the foreigners, moreover cosmopolitan cities, long river banks, colourful festivals, food with novelty but unchanged culture, speedy-easy but cheapest transportation system those are all main sources for to has success and vibrant tourism spot. That is why Gujarat is called VIBRANT GUJARAT.

Contract Law Essay examples -- essays research papers

DETERMINING PAST PERFORMANCE VERSUS EXPERIENCE Contracting Officers within the Federal Government are tasked with negotiating contracts for goods and services with the contractor that is best able to satisfy that particular requirement in terms of quality, timeliness and cost. Best value analysis strives to apply good business judgement to making source selection decisions. It seeks to isolate technical differences between proposals to determine which offer represents the best value to the customer. The Federal Government is steadily moving away from awarding contracts purely on the basis of low price and opting to employ evaluation factors such as past performance, management capabilities and technical superiority. Confidence in a prospective contractor's ability to perform satisfactorily is an important factor in the source selection process making for "best value" analysis. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to explore the difference between experience and past performance in the source selection process of &quo t;best value" procurements. Definition Experience is the active participation in events or activities, leading to the accumulation of knowledge or skill (Houghton Mifflin Company, 1988). In other words it is the process of "learning by doing". It reflects whether a contractor has performed a job that is similar or of "comparable size and complexity". Comparable size and complexity meaning that which is similar in dollar amount; number of client/customer employees services; and number of contractor employees assigned to the contract, and types of services performed. When you consider that every requirement has its own set of problems and pitfalls, it makes perfectly good sense to look at whether a contractor is knowledgeable of where those problems are likely to occur and if the contractor has experience in solving such problems. Past performance serves as an indication of a contractor's ability to perform virtually any contract. In addition to whether or not a contractor has experience doing a particular job it is also important to know "how well" that particular job was performed as it relates to the pending procurement. Evaluation of a contractor's past performance enables contracting professionals to better predict the quality of and customer satisfaction of future work. Past perfo... ...sp; Contact: Phone: Phone: 2. If a Government Contract, Contract Number: Contract Officer (CO): Phone Number and Fax Number: 3. Provide a brief description of all services performed on the contract. 4. Number of building (s) on-site/off site. Total square footage serviced and number of occupants per each building. 5. Number of occupants per building. # On-Site: Total Square Footage: Number of Occupants: # Off-Site: Total Square Footage: Number of Occupants: 6. Number of permanent supervisors/employees assigned to the contract project. Supervisors: Employees: 7. Contract Start Date: Contract Completion Date: 8. What was the dollar value of the contract per year: Total for term of contract: 9. Names of all Sub-Contractors and their roles on the contract. Name: Role: Name: Role: Name: Role: Name: Role: 10.Brief statement regarding your compliance with the contract terms and conditions. 11.Your statement regarding any known performance outlined as unacceptable and/or not in accordance with the contract terms and conditions. 12. If contract was not renewed for all option years, what is your explanation why it was not renewed?

The Exploitative Colony of Virginia Essay -- American America History

The Exploitative Colony of Virginia I believe that the early settlers of the colony of Virginia made it into an exploitative and ignorant colony, due to the fact that it was set up primarily to make a small number of individuals wealthy while ignoring the rights of its other members. In the year 1607, a group of adventurers from the Virginia Company established the first English-American colony in the Chesapeake Bay area (Greene, 1988). They landed in Jamestown, and it became the first English settlement to survive in the New World. They named the colony Virginia. In its early history, Virginia was known for its drive to conquer the land and in some cases people, so that it would bring its main benefactors wealth and power (Morton, 1960). This is where the colony of Virginia became highly exploitative because of the greediness of so few people. The wealth and power that these benefactors were looking for mainly came from the growing of tobacco, a labor intensive crop, which was sold in the European market. In order to grow this crop they needed workers to maintain the fields, however, at this time Virginia was characterized as having a high mortality rate. Thus, they had to go out and find a source of laborers. They went out and at first got the labor they needed by recruiting indentured servants from England. These economically poor Europeans were used and abused by their own people, but not as much as the as the black African slaves. In the mid-seventeenth century, slaves became the main source of labor for the labor starved colony, so that the cultivation of the tobacco plantations would continue. The Europeans degraded these people and treated them in some cases, as bad as a dog treats a fire hydrant. One group ... ...4. Greene, Jack; Pursuits of Happiness; University of North Carolina Press; Chapel Hill, North Carolina; 1988. Kate, Stanley & Murrin, John; Colonial America, Essay in Politics and Social Development; U.N.C. Press; Chapel Hill, North Carolina; 1983. Morton, Richard; Colonial Virginia, volume one; U.N.C. Press; Chapel Hill, North Carolina; 1960. Sale, Kirkpatrick; The Conquest of Paradise; First Plumb Printing; New York, New York; 1991. Tate, Thad & Ammerman, David; The Chesapeake in the Seventeenth Century; U.N.C. Press, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; 1979. Todd, Lewis & Curti, Merle; Rise of the American Nation, volume one; Harcourt Brace Jovanovich Press; New York, New York; 1968. Welty, Paul; Readings in World Cultures; Lippincott Company; Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; 1970. Wilson, Samuel; Natural History, The Unmanned Wild Countrey

Abstract for Cryogenics

Historically, cryogenic rocket engines have not been used for in-space applications due to their additional complexity, the mission need for high reliability, and the challenges of propellant boil-o& While the mission and vehicle architectures are not yet defined for the lunar and Martian robotic and human exploration objectives, cryogenic rocket engines offer the potential for higher performance and greater architecture/mission flexibility.In-situ cryogenic propellant production could enable a more robust exploration program by significantly reducing the propellant mass delivered to low earth orbit, thus warranting the evaluation of cryogenic rocket engines versus the hypergolic bi-propellant engines used in the Apollo program. A multi-use engine. one which can provide the functionality that separate engines provided in the Apollo mission architecture, is desirable for lunar and Mars exploration missions because it increases overall architecture effectiveness through commonality and modularity.The engine requirement derivation process must address each unique mission application and each unique phase within each mission. The resulting requirements, such as thrust level, performance, packaging, bum duration, number of operations; required impulses for each trajectory phase; operation after extended space or surface exposure; availability for inspection and maintenance; throttle range for planetary descent, ascent, acceleration limits and many more must be addressed.Within engine system studies, the system and component technology, capability, and risks must be evaluated and a balance between the appropriate amount of technology-push and technology-pull must be addressed. This paper will summarize many of the key technology challenges associated with using high-performance cryogenic liquid propellant rocket engine systems and components in the exploration program architectures.